Monday, August 24, 2020

The Russians Renamed St. Petersburg Three Times in a Century

The Russians Renamed St. Petersburg Three Times in a Century St. Petersburg is Russias second-biggest city after Moscow, and from the beginning of time, it has been known by a couple of various names. In the over a long time since it was set up, St. Petersburg has additionally been known as Petrograd and Leningrad, however its otherwise called Sankt-Peterburg (in Russian), Petersburg, and downright Peter. The city has a populace of around 5 million individuals. Guests there take in the engineering, particularly notable structures along the Neva River and its waterways and tributaries streaming in the city that associate Lake Ladoga to the Gulf of Finland. Being so far north, in the center of summer, the citys sunshine expands almost 19 hours. Territory incorporates coniferous timberlands, sand rises, and sea shores. Why the entirety of the names for a solitary city? To comprehend the numerous assumed names of St. Petersburg, look no farther than the citys long, turbulent history.â 1703: St. Petersburg Subside the Great established the port city of St. Petersburg on the western edge of Russia in 1703 of every a damp floodplain. Situated on the Baltic Sea, he wanted to have the new city reflect the incomparable Western urban areas of Europe, where he had voyage while concentrating in his childhood. Amsterdam was one of the essential impacts on the despot, and the name St. Petersburg has a distinctly Dutch-German impact. 1914: Petrograd St. Petersburg saw its first name change in 1914 when World War I broke out. The Russians imagined that the name sounded excessively German, and it was given an increasingly Russian-sounding name. The Petro beginning of the name holds the historical backdrop of regarding Peter the Great.The - gradâ portion is a typical postfix utilized in various Russian urban communities and territories. 1924: Leningrad It was just 10 years that St. Petersburg was known as Petrograd in light of the fact that in 1917 the Russian Revolution 503 made a huge difference for the nation, including the citys name. Toward the start of the year, the Russian government was toppled, and by the end of the year, the Bolsheviks had taken control. This prompted the universes first socialist government. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin drove the Bolsheviks, and in 1922 the Soviet Union was made. After Lenins demise in 1924, Petrograd got known as Leningrad to respect the previous pioneer. 1991: St. Petersburg Quick forward through just about 70 years of the socialist government to the fall of the USSR. In the years that followed, numerous spots in the nation were renamed, and Leningrad became St. Petersburg by and by. Chronicled structures saw remodel and revival. Changing the city name back to its unique name didn't come without discussion. In 1991, the residents of Leningrad were allowed the chance to decide on the name change. As announced in the New York Times at that point, a few people saw reestablishing the citys name to St. Petersburg as an approach to overlook the times of strife during socialist guideline and a chance to recover its unique Russian legacy. The Bolsheviks, then again, considered the to be as an affront to Lenin. At long last, St. Petersburg was come back to its unique name, however you will even now discover a few people who allude to the city as Leningrad.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Introdution To Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introdution To Management - Case Study Example d with a business choosing working from another area; all the more regularly these incorporate minimal effort, greater, lower hazard, lower representative turnover, higher benefits, to achieve an adjustment in the manner in which business is done, and so on. The parent company’s objectives can be changed, and in like manner the objectives and goals of redistributed organization are laid (Bangeman, 2005). Precisely therefore, Gail Lee, the overseeing executive of Melbourne’s style retailer, Leethal Fashion Accessories, offshored a portion of its business to India; this included production of prepared to-wear articles of clothing dependent on Australian structures that were sent by Leethal Fashion Accessories and furthermore imported gems to be sold in nearby departmental stores. Other than the purposes behind this business offshoring, LFA needed to confront a few issues regarding getting the finished items on time because of postponement in transport. Different issues were caused because of language and social obstructions, which now and then lead to misinterpretations and misjudging in the business managing. These issues bring down the certainty of Australian business visionaries in Indian business frameworks; yet, the immense contrast in labor costs will in general exceed misfortunes brought about by different issues (Hatch, 2006). Indian economy is differing, and runs from customary town cultivating to current assembling and administrations. The commitment of administrations segment is supposed to be the most extreme to the development of India’s economy, which demonstrates accessibility of surplus work. Insights show that significant part of the administrations is given by the English-talking instructed individuals in the field of Information Technology as programming administrations trade (Rushton and Walker, 2007). Another significant supporter of the economy is the little scope industry portion which assumes an essential job in business age with low capital venture. Assessments show that more than 18 million individuals are utilized in this mechanical fragment (John, M.S, 2002). House enterprises are for the most part run by

Friday, May 22, 2020

A Review of Brave New World - 1153 Words

BNW Essay – A life truly lived What is a life truly lived? Can one be happy all the time? To truly experience all that life has to offer, one must be able to compare the good and the bad. To know what happiness is, one must know sadness and to appreciate the highs, one must overcome the lows. In Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley, we can see that a life without both good and bad experiences is a flat line and does not complete a person. Bernard was not happy though he was a member of Brave New World, Helmholtz was incomplete though seemingly happy and actually chose a ‘less-than-ideal’ life while Linda thought she was happy, but when she tried to apply her lifestyle in a new environment, she was unsuccessful and eventually died†¦show more content†¦He asks for hardships to fulfill his life. Helmholtz is a perfect example of a perfect life not being a life truly lived. One needs to know both the good and the bad to feel complete. Linda is yet another example of how a ‘perfect’ world view really is not perfect at all. Linda grew up in Brave New World and when she was left behind during her visit to the savage reservation, she did not know any other way of life so she tried to maintain her lifestyle. She believed, â€Å"the way they have one another here. Mad, I tell you, absolutely mad. Everybody belongs to every one else – don’t they? Don’t they?† This lifestyle did not make Linda happy at all. She was not living her life the right way and by extension was not living life at all because she only thought she was happy. Her lifestyle did not fit in with the culture in which she found herself and this made her unhappy since, â€Å"’nobody’s supposed to belong to more than one person. And if you have people in the ordinary way, the others think you’re wicked and anti-social. They hate and despise you [†¦]† (121). She also tried to continue in her consumerism mentality but this made her angry because, â€Å"it never used to be right to mend clothes. [†¦] Mending’s anti-social. But it’s all different here. It’s like living with lunatics. Everything they do is mad.† (121) Linda tried to keep her ‘happy’ lifestyle but realized she was not really happy and then felt like life had left her no reason to live. She turned to mescalShow MoreRelatedReview Of Brave New World 1779 Words   |  8 PagesMustafa Niazi Mr. Hadley English 2H August 19, 2015 Novel Play Review Notes: Brave New World Key Quotation â€Å"Everyone belongs to everyone else, after all.† (149) The idea of complete access in Brave New World actually elucidates the confinement in which the citizens of the modern world are living in. Everyone must subject to one another’s desires and motives, seemingly being treated like property. Consequently, the fact that all the members of this society play both the roleRead More Critical Reviews of Brave New World Essay example742 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Reviews of Brave New World Since the original publishing of Brave New World, the book has stirred up a brew of controversy. It has received many reviews both positive and negative. In this paper I will provide examples of both and look at the reasons behind them. My first review is a negative one. In the review the reviewer states as his main reasons for disliking the book are the obnoxious characters and plot holes. A few examples of this are that Bernard Marx is unhappy with hisRead MoreBuffy Montgomery. Dr. Walter Frazee. Biology. March 11,852 Words   |  4 Pages Buffy Montgomery Dr. Walter Frazee Biology March 11, 2017 Are We Living in Huxley s Brave New World? In today s world, we are deeply divided into social classes. Entertainment rules the world and the people care more about Facebook likes and impersonal digital interactions then they do about spending real time with family and friends. In today s world, outrageous parties are thrown and everyone does ecstasy and praises their experience. We live in a wold whereRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley668 Words   |  3 PagesIn Brave New World, there are similarities that have a deeper meaning that we can understand. There are personal effects in Aldous Huxley life that contribute to what he has written in the book. Aldous Huxley throughout his life have seen, done, and events have happened to him, just like all of us, but he has expressed it in his book. So when Aldous wrote the he had so many ideas. I have read the book; it’s notRead More Brave New World Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesBrave New World Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is a fictitious story about a future utopian society where people are mass-produced in laboratories. People have no emotions in this world where drugs and promiscuous sex are greatly encouraged. People are given labels according to their pre-natal intelligence assignment. These different classes all have specific roles within society and nobody is unhappy with their place. The Brave New World he was a fictitious story that sets upRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1519 Words   |  7 Pages1. Brave New World by Aldous Huxley †¢ Average rating on goodreads.com: 3.94/5 †¢ Synopsis: This story takes place in London, England, the United States and Mexico in the year 2540. In this so-called â€Å"Utopia†, the state has all control, it is a complete dictatorship. Babies are not born, they are artificially created and everyone is belonging to one of five distinct classes; Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilon. The young are brainwashed into becoming happy with their predetermined role in societyRead MoreHuxley V. Orwell1015 Words   |  5 PagesBrave New World v. 1984 June 8, 2011 It is no question that both Huxley and Orwell were displeased with our societal norms by their predictions in Brave New World and 1984. However, the two famous novels could not have differed more in their visions of tomorrow. Huxley portrays a nation of pleasure addicted, mindless beings merely existing. Orwell illustrated such a strict regime that the pursuit of knowledge would be banned and our voices would be silenced. Imagine living in a world withoutRead More Essay on Bravery in The Tempest823 Words   |  4 Pagesand performs different capacities erratically.   A denotative definition from the 15th century, according to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary (10 ed.), portrays brave as meaning, [from Old Italian and Spanish, meaning courageous, wild; probably from Latin, meaning barbarous].   The dictionary then defines brave as a.   having courage: dauntless b.   making fine show: colorful, c. excellent, splendid.  Ã‚  Ã‚   All of these distinct definitions find their capacity in The Tempest.   ProsperoRead MoreQuest for Truth Depicted in Swifts Gullivers Travels and Huxleys Brave New World1146 Words   |  5 PagesGulliver’s Travels and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, both authors use their main characters, John and Gulliver, to find the hidden truth within each world. Although they tell different stories, they both intertwine a common theme: trying to find the truth that hides deep within society. Since the truth hides from plain sight in both books, it must motivate some to find it. By having the Houyhnhnms speak and talk, its shows Gulliver the truth in the world and how he lives among a savage race,Read MoreAtlas Shrugged And Brave New World1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe book that I am comparing and contrasting to the extraordinary â€Å"Atlas Shrugged† is the book â€Å"Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley. â€Å"Atlas Shrugged† is about socialism. The Men in Washington want everyone to be equal which is socialism. â€Å"Brave New World† is about people making babies to be the mastermind of the World State. Atlas Shrugged and Brave New World are similar but different â€Å" Brave New World† was published in 1932. Aldous Huxley also wrote the books Visions, Books and Thoughts, Crome Yellow

Thursday, May 7, 2020

How Price Of Efds Machine Is Affecting Users From...

Going by observations many business people are complaining on the price of EFD machine starting from cheapest ETR machines to other expensive EFD machine such as ESD. The price of machine has been center of attraction for many complaints since introduction of EFD machines in Tanzania where some of taxpayer are boycotting acquiring and using EFD machine due to its price. (Ngowi, 2014) Despite appealing by the government that the pricing are fair compared to other countries implementing EFDs in monitoring revenues, many traders are unwilling to procure and use EFD machines (Daily News, 2013). This riots and boycotting are repeatedly occurring at Kariakoo and other urban areas were many business people are boycotting acquisition of EFD machine because of its price. The costs of acquiring EFDs are not well researched and few researchers concentrated on the impacts of EFDs in boosting revenues. In this study we will analyze how price of EFDs machine is affecting users from acquiring and i mplementing EFD system and provide the possible solutions on implementations of EFDs. Frequent network failures are also causing many riots due to delaying in sending daily report and inability to use the EFDs before sending daily reports (Nation Media, 2015). For this instance taxpayer are prompted to use manual invoices which are not allowed during the delaying time and this can results huge penalties and fines for failure to comply with EFD regulations as per requirements of The Income TaxShow MoreRelatedChallenges Faced By Taxpayers Implementation Of Efds System1673 Words   |  7 Pagestaxpayers in implementing EFDs system in Tanzania. To attain this, the studies were guided by the following objectives; affordability of prices of EFDs, to analyze network failures challenges users from acquiring and using EFD machines, to examine challenges of frequent EFDs machine breakdown, to assess knowledge of right EFD machine by business people, to assess whether monitoring EFD uses by sending daily reports is a hindrances to the users of EFD devices, to examine quality of EFD receipts andRead MoreThe Theory Of Equal Sacrifice, Rational Expectation Theory, And Optimal Tax Theory Essay2286 Words   |  10 Pageshonest sound, which is reasonable and appealing in its context. (Kendrick, 1939) Taxes have economic effects, and these effects entail social consequences. The ability to pay was first articulated by John Stuart Mill in 1848. Many economists tried on how to model ability-to-pay tax policy, with primary focus on the rate structures, in utilitarian terms. The most tax rates in tax brackets remains differences in ability to pay, focusing on the portion of earnings sacrificed by taxpayers. The ability to

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Hiv/Aids and Social Support Essay Free Essays

HIV/AIDS and Social Support Essay The role of social Support in coping in HIV/AIDS As South Africa has a very high rate of HIV infections. The government has increased the availability of antiretrovirals to the individuals who have been diagnosed with this disease. Whereas the availability of the treatment increases there is a great amount of stressors that come with the diagnosis of this virus. We will write a custom essay sample on Hiv/Aids and Social Support Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefor there are other aspects that play a role in the treatment of HIV/AIDS such as environmental factors, stigmazation and social support. This essay will be discussing the role that social support plays in people with HIV/AIDS, the effects of social support and the theories on social support. This essay will also be discussing the role of social support after an individual has been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. The related health decline and the stigma attached to this diagnosis. The diagnosis of HIV/AIDS leads to enormous amounts of stress to the individual that has been diagnosed with this chronic illness. Solomon (1987) as citied in Green (1993) hypnotizes that stress, psychological and social support can influence the pace at which HIV replicates and progresses to AIDS; therefor there is an indirect link between HIV/AIDS and social support. According to Carver (1989) as cited in Koopman, Gore-Felton, Marouf Butler, Field, Gill, Chen, Israelski Spiegel(2000) the lack of expression of motions, the withdrawal of one’s behaviour and the mental detachment to the world are the three most used coping tactics that are associated with the increasing levels of stress among people living with HIV. There are a lot of stigmas associated with HIV such as that it infects only certain kinds of people. Stigma refers to be bias, negative attitudes, abuse and mistreatment directed at people living with  HIV  and  AIDS. The consequences of stigma are widespread: being rejected by family, friends and even the community. â€Å"Stigma remains the single most important barrier to public action. It is a main reason why too many people are afraid to see a doctor to determine whether they have the disease, or to seek treatment if so. It helps make AIDS the silent killer, because people fear the social disgrace of speaking about it, or taking easily available precautions. Stigma is a chief reason why the AIDS epidemic continues to devastate societies around the world. † (Moon, 2010). HIV/AIDS is a life-threatening illness, and therefore people react to it in strong ways. HIV infection is connected with actions (such as homosexuality, drug addiction, prostitution) that are already stigmatised in many communities many of this stigmatisation is caused by not being informed and the misconceptions that go along with HIV. The effects of the ARVs may cause individual to change appearance which may lead to discrimination based on appearance. HIV/AIDS is a very stressful life event with due to the diagnosis of the chronic event therefore one needs stable social support. According to Friedland, Renwick and McColl (1996) social support reflects on the following types of supports: The kind of support in which  the individual is provided with adequate services and goods and financial stability. The second support is where the individual who has HIV/AIDS is provided with all the information she needs regarding the condition she has, the third one is emotional support which is according to House (1981) the feeling that the individual is being cared for. Emotional support strengthens the feeling of self-worth and belonging and is also regarded as the most important one in terms of social support. Friedland et al. (1996) suggests that health professionals could meet the needs of people with HIV/AIDS more by developing semi-formal social support so that the burden from friends and family can be decreased. People with HIV/AIDS can be encouraged to attend counselling sessions provided by health professionals. Many communities prove that support provided by AIDS survivors, buddy-systems, support centres have decreased the gap between formal and informal social support significantly. Even if these kind of semi-formal support does not provide the closeness that friends provides, it provides a higher level of trust for the individuals with HIV/AIDS. Schreurs and Ridder (1997) emphasizes that close relationships are unique therefor they cannot be replaced. According to Broadhead et al. (1983) in Green (1993) there is a positive association between social support and psychological assets which helps the individual who has HIV/AIDS cope with the illness and also promotes recovery. Green(1993) argues that the is no proof that show the concrete proof that show social support has an effect in the development of HIV. Riello (1990) states that it is more likely for death to occur in an individual who has been diagnosed with HIV in the past 12 months with no social support. When the diagnosis is in its initial stages it is where the rate of its progression is the fastest and the individual who is being diagnosed is at his/her most vulnerable stage because they are still coming to terms with themselves having the disease. Based on these statements social support plays a big role in the physical health of an individual with HIV. Constructed on the research done by Persson (1991) there is an association between social support and an HIV positive individual’s low CD4 count. There are also symptoms during the duration of the illness that are linked to weak social support. Social support is divided into two categories. The kind that is beneficial for the individuals who are experiencing stress. According to the buffering theory, social support protects people from the unhealthy effects of traumatic events by influencing how people think about and  handle these kinds of events. According to stress and coping theory,  events are stre ssful to the extent that individuals have negative thoughts about the events and cope unproductively. This theory is called the buffering hypothesis. Willis (1985). The main theory is the one that is health improving to everyone. This theory is found when social support is intellectualized. Apparently this is not due to better coping actions but it promotes self-worth and the feeling of stability. In conclusion, it is debatable that there is a link between social support and the health improvement status in individuals living with HIV/AIDS even if it is minimal. As discussed above social support can have a negative effect when it comes to coping strategies. Even if social support help people with HIV deal with the illness it does not play a significant role in the physical well-being of the individuals but it has a big considerable emotional impact. It can be concluded that social support increases the quality of life and self-esteem in people living with HIV/AIDS. Therefor it can be concluded that more research needs to be conducted to prove the definite correlate between social support and the diagnosis of HIV. References Green, G. (1993). Editorial review: Social support and HIV. AIDS Care, 5(1), 87. Koopman, C. C. , Gore-Felton, C. C. Marouf, F. F. , Butler, L. D. , Field, N. N. , Gill, M. M. , †¦ Spiegel, D. D. (2000). Relationships of perceived stress to coping, attachment and social support among HIV-positive persons. AIDS Care, 12(5), 663-672. Friedland, J. J. , Renwick, R. R. , Mccoll, M. M. (1996). Coping and social support as determinants of quality of life in HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care, 8(1), 15-32. Schreurs, K. M. G. , de R idders, D. T. D. (1997). Integration of coping and social support perspectives: Implications for the study of adaptation to chronic diseases. Clinical Psychology Review, 17(1), 89-112. . How to cite Hiv/Aids and Social Support Essay, Essays

Monday, April 27, 2020

Love At First Sight free essay sample

My eyes will swear that I never saw real beauty until tonight. (l, V, 77) Romeo and Gullets love was love at first sight. Even though they have never met before, they fell in love once they saw each other. In modern society, that would not happen. Modern people are more educated and sophisticated. They look for more than appearance. They are more interested in their personality, attitude and chemistry. Secondly, when you meet a person you will know that one is the right person. There is a feeling in your heart that tells you that he/she is your soul mate. Romeo knew that Juliet was his soul mate.He asked the Friar Ill tell you later, but I ask you this now, that you agree to marry us today. (al, Ill, 199) After that, they got married. Even though they couldnt live together because of their parents objection and Romeo was exiled, they still loved each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Love At First Sight or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most people in our society are divorced, because they got married so fast. They didnt know each other entirely. They have lost their home, money or children in their dispute. They are more patient now in finding the right mate for the second time. Some are even likely to get married again. Finally, love can make us do crazy things.Crazy enough that, we might even give up our own life for the one we really love, we know we cant live without him/her, Juliet pretended to be dead so she doesnt have to marry Paris. Unfortunately, Romeo thought she was really dead and he couldnt live without his soul mate, so he committed suicide. Then when Juliet woke up and was saw that, she also committed suicide because she couldnt imagine living without him. In our modern society, remarriage is an acceptable practice. Most widowers would find a mate and remarry. Many times, the dying spouse wants their mate to be looked after hen their gone so hey encouraged them to look for someone.Sometimes, the widowers just find a new mate. As you can see, love at first is a myth. People had to many bad experience from mistaking following their hearts, thinking its love at first sight, where they have lost their life savings, their homes and even jobs. People are more cautious and protective of themselves by dating longer, making rational decision on marriage, deciding of children to have not even get married at all. Works cited William Shakespeare. Love at First Sight free essay sample Does love at first sight exist? By Nadiya Love at first sight. Does it really exist? Some people say it does and some people say it doesn’t. The stories of Romeo and Juliet and Cyrano de Bergerac suggest that it does. The famous play Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare. The movie/play was written by Edmond Ronstad. Both of the love stories are very intriguing. Neither of them are set in a modern time. The stories reflect on each other quite well. Romeo and Juliet took place in beautiful Verona, during the 1590’s. The story was mainly in one town. Cyrano de Bergerac took place all over France. Both of them have a balcony scene. For Romeo and Juliet’s balcony scene it was just them. On the other hand Cyrano de Bergerac had three people involved. Both of the stories had catholic over laps. There are three main characters in Romeo and Juliet. We will write a custom essay sample on Love at First Sight or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Juliet a very young girl not in search of love stumbles upon Romeo and falls in love with him. Romeo an air headed teenager thought he had found the girl for him until he met Juliet. Then we come to Paris he is determined to marry Juliet, however Juliet’s heart is set on Romeo. There are four main characters in Cyrano de Bergerac. Roxanne is the main star. She loves the idea of love. She not being as young as Juliet was very well liked. Christian the pretty boy is in love with Roxanne but he has no words to explain it. Cyrano is Roxanne’s cousin who is also in love with her but refuses to tell her because of his looks, he decides to help Christian win her heart over. De Guiche is the fourth character he being much older than Roxanne states that he is in love with her. Does love at first sight exist? These two stories suggest it does. Even though the stories are different they are very similar. They are tragic love stories. The mystery of it all brings us back to the question Does loves at first sight exist? I guess we will never know.

Thursday, March 19, 2020

Innovation in History How Guns Changed the World

Innovation in History How Guns Changed the World Introduction Our world is changing day by day: lots of scientists try to present numerous innovations, which improve people’s life, make it easier, and finally, help people become more powerful and control other people. Nowadays, the list of innovations, which have changed or are still changing the world and our history, is really long; and guns take not the last place in this list. When we talk about guns, we talk about power, violence, and deaths. It is known that one-third of all Americans have a gun at home, and during 2004, about 30,000 people died because of gunfire (Tonry, 73).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Innovation in History: How Guns Changed the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Our history is closely connected to the development of guns and their contribution among people. Sometimes, people just cannot find enough powers and time to think about the danger that caused by the use of guns; they only realize that a gun is some kind of power, and they should get this power as soon as possible. During a long period of time, guns have changed the world considerably: they help to defend oneself; they make it easier and faster to kill and injure people, very often, innocent people; and they obliterate the border between life and death, for those, who cannot control own actions, thoughts, and movements. First Guns and Their Contribution In fact, it is very difficult to find out when the first gun appeared. That genius, who realized that gunpowder could be propellant and injure, is still unknown. During numerous centuries, people fought against each other with the help of different swords and sabers. However, it was not very easy to use swords during the battles: they were too heavy and rather big. The matchlock is considered to be one of the first useable hand-held guns (History of Guns and Firearms). Soldiers handed their matchlocks on their shoulders, so, it was not difficult for those soldiers to move for long distances. Killing people is not a good thing, however, it is human nature – to kill in order to save own life and win. This is why the contribution of those matchlocks could be regarded as more or less positive aspect: killing people did not take much time, and those, who had to be killed, died in a short period of time and with less suffering. So, one of the first changes of the world, caused by guns, was the ability to kill or injure people within a short period of time. From that period of time, people got less time to think over their actions and the consequences of these actions; they could kill fast and take other person’s life for ever. Guns and Violence It is very difficult to comprehend why so many people know about the negative impact of gun distribution, still continue to sell and promote guns. People realize that the increase of gun prevalence lead to deaths and injuries increasing. However, they do not want to do anything in order to stop creating guns and forbid its using. For so many years, people try to stop violence and provide people with a chance to live safe and sound life. However, the increase of crimes and deaths cannot be stooped till guns are distributed for so many people. â€Å"More guns means more crime† (Malcolm, 219).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This simple truth should make some people to think that their activities encourage other people to choose wrong ways and make bad actions, crimes, and even kill innocent people. If a person has a gun in his/her hand, he/she feels unbelievable power over other people. Lots of psychological aspects influence the decision to shoot or not to shoot. Even simple hand trembling can make the gun shoot, give a birth to violence, and take someone’s life away. One act of violence leads to another act of viol ence, so that violence becomes an integral part of this life. With time, gun violence will be a cultural phenomenon, and it will be quite difficult to control people’s actions and save people from themselves. This is another impact of guns on the world and our history – guns promote violence very often. Gun Control in the World Second Amendment Committee, Joint Together, or Violence Policy Center – all these organizations deal with gun control and other activities, which lead to violence decreasing. People need to be encouraged not to use guns and informed about terrible outcomes of gun usage. The above-mentioned and many other organizations create numerous programs, present informative pieces of writing, and establish numerous centers in order to prevent violence and gun use. Some people find the idea of gun control as a kind of human rights’ violation according to the Second Amendment. However, those people, who agree that the huge part of violence is c aused by guns use, underline that the necessity of gun control is obvious. Some people just do not understand that so frequent use of guns encourage teenagers to use guns and solve own problems or frighten other people. There are lots of rules and orders, which forbid guns selling and distributing to young people, however, clandestine marketing is developing, and lots of young people have a chance to buy a gun at any age. The only thing required is to know the places and not divulge information. Guns change the world in one more way – people start caring about own and other people’s safety and focusing on the development of gun control organizations, however, clandestine commerce puts under a threat all those attempts. Guns in the USA In fact, it becomes a good American tradition to use guns and other types of firearms as a kind of protection, a sport means, or a hunting tool. It is easy to buy a gun for one purpose, but use it for another purpose. In America, there ar e lots of guns cultures, which promote a gun as a means of entertaining or protection. â€Å"Urban minority street cultures, Civil War reenactors, rural white male deer hunters, and survivalists† (Carter, 246) may serve as good examples of organizations, which find it funny and useful to use guns.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Innovation in History: How Guns Changed the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The members of such organization should follow certain instructions and use guns only in certain places. However, no one can be sure that a young son or daughter will never find a gun at home and try to use it just because of own interest. One more significant point about guns in the USA is closely connected to the question of race. Race inequality bothers many Americans; as a result of such inequalities, lots of fights and quarrels take place. Very often, to prove own ideas, people can easily use guns. It is very hard to explain, but when a person takes a gun in hands, some unbelievable power seizes him/her, and this person gets the desirable control over people and a chance to introduce own ideas and points of view. Of course, gun violence is not all about race and ethnicity. Those people, who just do not want to search for compromise by means of talks, believe that a gun is the only way to win an opponent. This is why guns have an ability to change people’s mind and people’s ideas on how to solve problems; and such changes in people will certainly lead to considerable changes in the world history. Guns, Media, and History Without any doubts, media is one of the most influential means during all the times. People watch movies and different TV programs, listen to radio shows, and enjoy music – they learn more about this world, its history, and future forecasts this way. This is why guns in media also have a certain impact on the history and peopleâ⠂¬â„¢s attitude to life. Violence in media is one of the hottest discussions during a long period of time. When a young man watches TV and realizes that a gun can make him more powerful, he tries to do everything possible to find out a gun and use it. By means of TV programs, people get to know how terrible accidents with guns changed the history and influenced our present and future. Kennedy assassination, Dr. Martin Luther King’s murder, Merlin Monroe’s death – media concentrates too much attention on these cases. Is it possible that young people watch these informative programs and realized that one murder may become a sensation? According to these programs and movies, it is quite possible. This is why even by means of media, the use of guns becomes more and more popular and influential for the history. Conclusion People always care about own lives; however, they continue distributing guns and other means of violence. Guns have already changed our history and took so many lives. This is why we should stop gun violence and admit that guns should not have such power over people. People have so many chances to make this world safer and live in peace, and even if guns have already changed our past and our history, let us not to provide guns with a chance to influence our present and our future.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Primary Sources: â€Å"A Brief History of Guns.† History of Guns and Firearms. 4 Sept. 1009. Web. This web site, one of the primary sources, which present reliable photos of guns and other weapons, is devoted to different kinds of guns, their history, and development. In this piece of work, the history of a matchlock and a flintlock is considered here. Clear paragraphs and simple language provide the reader with a chance to learn how gun makers developed new designs to help people use and carry guns. Malcolm, Joyce, L. Guns and Violence: The English Experience. The United States of America: Harvard University Press, 2002. This book is the primary source, as it describes the English experience concerning the use of guns and its further impact on society.The author of this book investigates the idea of gun control and the factors, which influence the development of debates, which are connected to guns in homes. Lots of people find it very useful to carry the gun at home in ord er to be safe; this source is a kind of analyzes of why this experience in the United States may cause negative outcomes. Secondary Sources: Carter, Gregg, L. Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture and the Law. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2002. This source is the secondary one, as it presents the results of investigations concerning the matter of how the use of guns influences modern American society. With the help of this book, the reader can learn more about the burning issues about guns and Americans’ attitude to guns and comprehend why so many debates take place around the theme of gun control. Tonry, Michael. The Oxford Handbook of Crime and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. In this book, the reader learns more about criminal justice and control policy of crimes. With the help of this secondary source, the reader gets an opportunity to analyze the essence of crime and its outcomes.The fresh perspective, used in this source, allows the reader to get a clear picture concerning the numerous theories about crime and proper justice, why crimes happen and which efforts have to be taken at first in order to prevent these crimes in future.

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Convincing your boss to let you work from home (template included)

Convincing your boss to let you work from home (template included) Thanks to innovations in technology in recent years, the work world is changing at breakneck speed- and many of these changes are affecting how we perform our jobs on a daily basis. One big change involves where we do our jobs- everything from new teleconferencing apps like GoToMeeting to advances in mobile computing have made it possible for many of us to successfully do our jobs from anywhere, including work from home. Some progressively minded companies have really embraced this option, and are allowing their employees more flexible schedules that include a work from home option. This can be a real perk for current and prospective employees, and it can also benefit the companies as well- lost time spent getting ready for work and commuting often gets regained and poured into being more productive and employees who are empowered with a work from home option are often more enthusiastic and motivated on the job.Other companies, for one reason or another, have been more reluctant to a llow their employees a work from home option- with the unfortunate result being that both employers and employees fail to benefit from the opportunity.Do you work for a company that hasn’t yet embraced working from home? If so, there may be a way to convince the powers-that-be to consider making a change. What’s the secret to getting your boss to be open to this possibility? It’s no secret- in fact, it’s a well-known strategy and it’s one that’s been proven effective whenever the goal is to convince someone of the merits of a new business idea: you use clear and convincing logic, backed up by substantiated evidence, to make a compelling case. Be sure not to make the primary focus of the request about how this benefits you, but instead how it could potentially benefit the entire company.When you decide to talk to your boss in an attempt to convince them to let you work from home, choose your time and method of communication wisely.Is your bos s in a better mood at the beginning of the week on a Monday or at the end of the week on a Friday? Is the beginning of the day or the end of the day the best time frame?Does your boss prefer face-to-face discussions or are they more open and responsive to emails? Stating your case via email may be a smart option, as having your points laid out in writing will allow them to be reviewed and re-reviewed by your boss as needed as they work towards making a decision.The following is a sample email that you can use as a guide to help you prepare for your conversation with your boss:Hi [Boss’s name],  I’ve been thinking about ways to help boost efficiency at work and I came across this interesting data about the benefits of allowing employees to work from home: http://globalworkplaceanalytics.com/resources/costs-benefits.I know you’re busy, so I pulled out some of the key points:   It improves overall employee satisfactionIt helps reduce employee attrition and turn overIt reduces unscheduled employee absencesIt can help increase employee motivation and productivityIt can help reduce office/administrative costsIt’s a good perk when trying to attract new talentPerhaps a pilot program might be a good way to test this- I’d be more than willing to take part. If it goes well, we can look at a wider rollout? I’m happy to discuss this further, thank you for taking the time to consider this.Best wishes,[Your name]This sample email is short, sweet, and direct, and provides compelling information to help convince your boss to at least consider trying this out. It’s focused on ways to help the company overall (not just you), which will make you look good. And it’s polite and professional, which are definitely helpful when you’re trying to be convincing at work. But of course, you know your boss best, so feel free to adapt this email accordingly to your boss and situation. Hopefully, with a little effort and luck, you can convince your boss to let you try working from home.

Saturday, February 15, 2020

The Trafficking of Illicit Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Trafficking of Illicit Drugs - Essay Example In order to halt the burgeoning economic, safety, and health issues related to these illicit substances, policymakers must address many issues including creating community-based prevention programs for youth and allocating funds for better access to drug rehabilitation programs (National Drug Control Strategy, 2011). Background In Alaska, drug use, and distribution is a massive problem and burden that affects the individual, communities, and the entire state. Illicit drug use is higher among Alaska natives than any other ethnic group (Young & Joe, 2009). In addition, Alaska natives have the greatest rates of use for marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, hallucinogens, and nonmedical use of psychotherapeutics (Young & Joe, 2009). According to the National Drug Control Strategy (2011) budget summary for the last fiscal year, the hindrance of drug use and its consequences contributes approximately $32 billion dollars in medical costs per year. Social Factors The entire United States is affecte d by illicit substance abuse. The impact of losing a loved one due to an overdose of illegal drug use is a paramount issue that cannot be qualified by any outside source. The youth of our nation is affected as well as their families. The National Youth Behavior Risk Survey (2011) for the years of 2009 – 2011 indicates that students in high school grades nine through twelve reported either an increase in incidence or no change for marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, heroin, and/or methamphetamine use (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011). Citizens of the entire nation are also affected by the crime that is created by means to obtain illicit substances; an average of 71% of males arrested in 10 metropolitan areas in 2011 tested positive for an illegal substance at the time they were taken into custody (Tombak, 2012). Economic Factors The problem of the use of illicit drugs in the United States and the trafficking of illegal drugs cost the nation billions of dollar s each year. Densely (2010) notes that the United States losses as much as $110bn on illicit drugs alone for each year. This loss comes about through a lot of avenues. In the first place, millions of dollars are spent on control and prevention programs that aim at ensuring that people in the country do not fall prey to a very dangerous act of dealing with or using illicit drugs. The control and prevention programs take several forms including strategic campaigns and law enforcement programs. Because there are specially designated agencies who are supposed to be responsible for the control and prevention of illicit drug use, special allocations are made for them in each year’s budget and this is the source of the huge cost involved (Weiler, 2004). Apart from the cost of control and prevention programs, huge liability is incurred by the nation through the cost of managing affected persons who have suffered the consequences of illicit drug use (Davis-Floyd, 2001). This is becaus e special budgetary allocation is provided for people in rehabilitation homes and other healthcare facilities who receive treatment for various forms of illicit drug use side effects. What is most disturbing is that because such people are often neglected by their families, the government is always forced to bear all the cost and this possesses a serious economic challenge for the nation.

Sunday, February 2, 2020

There are many qualities that are needed to be a good leader or Essay

There are many qualities that are needed to be a good leader or manager. To what extent can these be learnt through study and tr - Essay Example While most management instructors now concur that headship is a behaviour and a skill, which displays that skilfulness, this dual explanation has bred additional incongruity over the extent to which leadership can be trained or taught. That query is the prime focus of this paper. Perceptions on Teaching (And Studying) Leadership Leadership has now occupied a conspicuous place within management education and research. Leadership has similarly become an inescapable subject of managerial research, practice and education. Leadership magazines have increased and leadership curriculums are nowadays a fragment of almost every key business school course in the country. Furthermore, there is a wide range of leadership investigation programs, institutes, and centres outside and within business institutes (Cunningham & Gephart 2008). Can Leadership Be Learned Some individuals have a predisposition to acquire some skills faster or efficiently than others, and evidently, some persons reflect more likable or charismatic features than others do.   However, many distinguished managers are not those that are featured on Fortune and Time covers.   Great leaders learn to attain outstanding results during their own environments.   Just like effective parenting has to be learned and enhanced so can effectual leadership. Work experiences, special projects, bosses, role models, and education all contribute in headship development (Hencley 2000). For instance, utilizing an analogy with sporting, not everybody can turn into an exceptional player regardless of coaching, however, most will gain and enhance their ‘game’. Few will continue to become leads or exceptional leaders through coaching, wide-ranging experiences, as well as personal drive.† Can Leadership Be Taught Assenting that some features of leadership may be acquired is not similar to stating that they may be taught, at best in the proper sense. A good number of the management instructors agree that c ertain leadership aspects can be taught; though there are variances on how efficaciously leadership abilities can be fostered through formal coaching and courses. Rendering to the many experts, the capacity to teach leadership is contingent upon the student and the teacher (Hencley 2000). Leadership can be trained, though only certain facets. Leadership is conjured of three dissimilar scopes: skills, dispositions, and perspectives. Much leadership expertise can be imparted, and slightly perspectives can be enhanced and developed via education. For instance, one can be taught how to communicate more brilliantly and present concepts more convincingly. People can be taught about facets of strategic thinking to broaden an individual perspective. Simultaneously, there is an acute contextual aspect to strategic reasoning that is an invention of involvement in one’s discipline and a mental aptitude to reason more theoretically (Stogdill 2010). These are hard to impart. In respect to dispositions, these are an outcome of family, life, and perhaps genes (Cunningham & Gephart 2008). Therefore, the last cannot be trained. For instance, a person cannot be taught to be determined or to remain more exposed to taking risks–  those are dispositional traits. The knowledge needed to perform strategic leadership contains both tacit and explicit elements. The

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Native American vs. European Way of Life Essay example -- Culture Soci

Native Americans and European Compare/Contrast Essay Europeans lived a much more modern way of life than the primitive lifestyle of Native Americans. Europeans referred to themselves as â€Å"civilized† and regarded Native Americans as â€Å"savage,† â€Å"heathen,† or â€Å"barbarian.† Their interaction provoked by multiple differences led to misunderstanding and sometimes conflict. These two cultures, having been isolated from one another, exhibited an extensive variation in their ideals. Europeans and Native Americans maintained contradictory social, economic, and spiritual practices. The European social structure was heavily influenced by land ownership, with a land-wealthy elite at its center. Europeans viewed land as a resource to be exploited for human benefit. Property was the basis of independence, material wealth, and political status. Native Americans deemed the exact opposite of individual land ownership. Tribes recognized boundaries, like the Europeans, but believed that land was communal. Communal land ownership helped limit social stratification in Native American communities, much unlike the social hierarchy established by the Europeans. Europeans were accustomed to a greater scale of inequality. Native Americans stressed the group rather than the individual. They did not base life on material wealth as the Europeans did. However, some exceptions to this cultural system occurred in the more modern empires of the Aztec and Inca and, in North America, among tr...

Friday, January 17, 2020

Nature vs. Nurture Essay

ABSTRACT The subject of nature versus nurture is addressed. Both nature and nurture have strong effects on how humans learn and are able to learn. Observations of three children discuss how nature has caused conditions that hinder development as well as how human intervention has enabled these children to grow despite their conditions. Nature and nurture have negative aspects that may or may not be improved to foster development. Nature and nurture interact in human development. Keywords: Nature, nurture, Piaget, cochlear implant, epilepsy, Erikson, Gilligan, Vygotksy, Kohlberg, Outliers. NATURE VERSUS NURTURE Nature? Nurture? Both? Theorists have struggled for more than a century with which variable has the greater effect on human learning. When we refer to ‘nature’ in learning we are discussing the biological elements of human learning and intelligence, such as, chromosomes and DNA, the biology of the brain, and diseases, syndromes or conditions that the individual may be born with or develop in their lifespan (Society for Neuroscience, 2012) The theoretical framework of â€Å"Genetic Epistemology† of Jean Piaget was based on his ‘naturalistic’ research of children. Piaget was most concerned with how knowledge developed in children. His theory advocated 4 stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational stage, concrete operations, and formal operations, which he assigned to different age groups (Genetic Epistemology, n.d.) to explain when and how human cognitive development occurs. I have observed natural effects in several children in my life and have seen how nature has affected their learning. Mikaela and CJ are the children of our dear friends. It is theorized that Mikaela may either have lost her hearing shortly after birth or was born without hearing (Sorenson and Sievert, personal discussion and observation, 2004). CJ was born with hearing but has lost nearly all hearing in one ear and needs a hearing aid in the other ear (Sorenson and Sievert, personal discussion, 2006). When Mikaela was diagnosed around 2 years of age, she was fitted with cochlear implants (Sorenson, personal discussion, 2004). CJ was fitted with one cochlear implant around 5 years old (Sorenson, personal discussion 2008). Mikaela struggled to overcome the lack of aural stimulation and verbal acquisition. She will still sign now at age 13 when she wants to communicate quickly. Her speech is very monotonic even after speech therapy (Sievert, observation, May 2014). CJ learned to read very quickly and would amuse himself on early Saturday mornings with watching WWII history and reading the captions so as to not wake the family (Sorenson, personal communication, 2009). They adapted and created schemas to bridge the challenge. My grandson Micah was diagnosed with epilepsy in April 2013 at 13 months of age. The seizure activity and the use of medications affected his brain activity to nearly wipe out every developmental milestone (Sievert, observation and interaction, May 2013). MRI results showed areas of the brain had atrophied. His physical and occupational therapists have retrained his neural pathways and he is now a normal 27 month old (Sievert, observation and interaction, 2014). All of these children were able to overcome natural challenges with interventions. ADD/ADHD (WebMD.com, 2014) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (CDC.gov, 2014) are both natural in their origin and are being studied now to find interventions that enable these individuals to become empowered learners in classroom learning environments (Jensen, 2005). The term ‘nurture’ refers to the effects of interaction in the development of the individual and can range from human interaction with caregivers, peers, and society, to environment and technological devices (UCSB.edu, 2001). Vygotsky, Erikson, Kohlberg and Gilligan would be theorists who tend  to place more emphasis on how environment shapes the cognitive and moral development of the individual. Lev Vygotksy claimed that all learning was shaped by the interactions of the child with society and culture as well as how language developed (McLeod, 2007). Language acquisition was seen as very important in cognitive development, especially in developing private speech. Erikson saw cognitive development as a lifelong activity with 8 psychosocial stages, each having a crisis that called for resolution in the individual in relationship to the society (McLeod, 2008). Both Kohlberg and Gilligan based their moral reasoning models on how children learn in relationship to the society around them plus possible societal roles placed on boys or girls (Nucci, 2014). Nurture led to Mikaela, CJ, and Micah overcoming obstacles of nature with the assistance of other humans either creating new tools to overcome hearing loss (NIDCD, 2013) or have humans developing therapies that retrain the brain (Sheikh, 2012). Lack of nurture can include poor or inadequate food and shelter, lack of sensory stimulation, technology used as a ‘babysitter’, or a lack of interaction between parent and child (Harris, 1998). I have also observed too much nurture in my school. Parents may do this by constant monitoring of homework and grades, helping too much with work, overscheduling activities for students, intensive requests for special treatment, or by requesting more homework (Dawson, Clarke, Bredehoft, 2006). The story of Chris Langan in Outliers (2008) is a classic example of how a lack of nurture can set up a chain of failure for an incredibly intelligent man. It is clear that neither nature nor nurture is the decisive factor in human cognition or moral development. We know more than ever about how the brain functions and how the brain must be well treated to make the most of what is available (Jensen, 2005). Physical and mental conditions can determine just how much growth potential is in a human being. New therapies and technologies are constantly in development, trial, and implementation. Proper nurture in a societal and cultural environment has proven necessary for every individual. Nature and nurture need to be skillfully blended to ensure every child is empowered to attain their full potential (Jensen, 2005). REFERENCES: Society for Neuroscience. (2012). Brain facts: A primer on the brain and nervous system. Retrieved May 19, 2014, from BrainFacts.org: http://cup.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/courses/20144043208/resources/week1/w1%20brain_facts_2012.pdf Genetic epistemology (Jean Piaget). (n.d.). Retrieved on May 29, 2014 from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/genetic-epistemology.html. WebMD.com. (2014). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Causes of ADHD. Retrieved on June 14, 2014 from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-causes. Jensen, E. (2005). Teaching with the brain in mind. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. UCSB.edu. (2001). Nature and nurture. Retrieved on June 14, 2014 from http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/baldwin/classes/soc142/n&n.html McLeod, S. A. (2007). Lev vygotsky. Retrieved on June 2, 2014 from http://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html. McLeod, S. A. (2008). Erik erikson. Retrieved on May 29, 2014 from http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html. Nucci, L. (2014). Moral development and education: An overview. Retrieved on June 5, 2014 from http://www.moraledk12.org/#!combined-theories/c3q9. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2013). Cochlear implants. Retrieved on June 14, 2014 from https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/pages/coch.aspx Sheikh, S. (2012). Epilepsy: Definition, prevention and the role of occupational therapy. Retrieved on June 14, 2014 from http://www.slideshare.net/betrayer1990/occupational-therapy-for-epilepsy-an-overview Harris, J.R. (1998). The nurture assumption: Why children turn out the way they do. Retrieved on June 14, 2014 from http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/harris-nurture.html. Dawson, C. and Clarke, J. and Bredehoft, D. (2006). Overnurturing: Too much of a good thing (When helping stops being helpful). Retrieved from http://www.educarer.com/oi-nurturing.htm Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success. New York, NY: Back Bay Books.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Knights Of The Past And Stories Of Arthur - 1552 Words

Arthur knights to Medieval knights Knights of the past and those from stories of Arthur are always intriguing. However have you ever wondered what s knights of the past were really like? Maybe past knights weren t all about honor and loyalty. Maybe even some of them were villains in some kind of mixed up way. Well this can all be solved in researching â€Å"Knights of the past† and stories of Arthur. In the end you will learn that knights of the past and those of the Arthurian age were very similar. Knights have always interested me, but have you ever wondered if the stories were true? For example, we always see a man in silver armor graciously saving the princess in the end. However were there actually knights who did this or was it just†¦show more content†¦Knights wore many chains to protect themselves as well as metal plates. Back in the old times knights really were seen as the police of today. Except the chivalry code of loyalty sometimes made it hard for the kn ights. Since the knight must pledge to the Lord of his loyalty, he would have to whatever the Lord commands him to do. Sometimes a lord would go mad as a march hare with power and command his knight to do his bidding, however it is not the knights fault, for if he disobeyed the lord he could be killed or jailed for his disregards to an order. Many knights who could of been seen as a Knightly figure were not due to their lords inconsiderate behaviors. One of the best known knights in medieval times would have to be William Marshal. â€Å"William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke is often referred to as the extravagant medieval knight who rose to prominence for his bravery in tournaments and warfare. He earlier entered the service of King Henry II, who made him a guardian to his eldest son in 1170. But during the revolt of Henry’s sons, he remained loyal to the father and helped him put down the rebellion. When Richard the Lionheart became King of England, he kept Marshal at his s ide which turned out to be a very good idea. During his absence, Marshal prevented the King’s brother John from seizing