Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Abortion (Marry Anne Warren “on the Moral and Legal Status...

Abortion is the process by which an embryo or fetus is removed from the uterus, resulting in the termination of a pregnancy. Natural or non induced abortions are commonly known as miscarriages. Abortion has had a long and passionate history. It has been induced through various methods ranging from, herbal medicines, and the use of sharpened tools, physical trauma, and other traditional methods. The different legal and cultural views on abortion differ around the world, and in many regions of the world public debate over the ethics and legal ramifications of abortion are intense. The topic of abortion has brought about a series of debates, controversy, and activism. People often choose a position when it comes to abortion based off of†¦show more content†¦In Mill’s â€Å"Utilitarianism,† he argues that the principle of utility is the foundation of all morality. In other words, the greatest happiness principle says to choose the decision or action that in retur n creates the greatest amount of happiness for all that that are involved. He says that every other principle we follow are principles that we take into our lives based on the fact that they will hopefully help us to better or quantify our happiness. Abortion satisfies John Stuart Mill’s description of Utilitarianism. Women get abortions for a variety of different reasons. Different reasons for getting an abortion range from health concerns and rape, to simply not being ready to take on the responsibility of having, providing, and taking care of another life. Whatever the reason may be, abortion is not wrong. According to Utilitarianism, one should do what will make them and everyone around them the happiest. Now, one could argue that having an abortion may make the other people around the women unhappy. The simple reply to this is that a women’s decision to have an abortion has nothing to do with other people. Other people will not be going through the pre gnancy and will not have to take care of another human life. Just because one doesn’t agree with a women’s decision to have an abortion does not mean that the decision to have an abortion will make other peoples lives unhappy.Show MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages272 Why Do People Form Groups? 272 Stages of Group Development 274 The Five-Stage Model 275 †¢ An Alternative Model for Temporary Groups with Deadlines 276 Group Properties: Roles, Norms, Status, Size, Cohesiveness, and Diversity 277 Group Property 1: Roles 277 †¢ Group Property 2: Norms 280 †¢ Group Property 3: Status 285 †¢ Group Property 4: Size 286 †¢ Group Property 5: Cohesiveness 288 †¢ Group Property 6: Diversity 288 Group Decision Making 290 Groups versus the Individual 290 †¢ Groupthink and Groupshift

Monday, December 23, 2019

Difference Between Personnel Manager and Hr Manager

ALTHOUGH both human resource management (HRM) and personnel management focus on people management, if we examine critically, there are many differences between them. Some are listed below: i) Nature of relations: The nature of relations can be seen through two different perspective views which are Pluralist and Unitarist. There is a clear distinct difference between both because the personnel manager, the focus is more on individualistic where individual interest is more than group interest. Here, HR manager through a shared vision between management and staff create a corporate vision and mission which are linked to business goals and the fulfillment of mutual interest where the organization’s needs are satisfied by subordinates and†¦show more content†¦This style of leadership merely sees the leader as a task-oriented person. This leader focuses more on procedures that must be followed, punishment form non-performance and non-compliance of rules and regulations and put figures and task accomplishments ahead of human factors such as personal bonding, interpersonal relationship, trust, understanding, tolerance and care. HR managers are the leaders who are transformational. This leadership style encourages business objectives to be shared by both employees and management. Here, leaders only focus more on people-oriented and importance on rules, procedures and regulations are eliminated and replaced with: ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  Shared vision; ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  Corporate culture and missions; ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  Trust and flexibility; and ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  HRM needs that integrates business needs. iv) Pay policies and job design: Pay policies for personnel manager is merely based on skills and knowledge required for the perspective jobs only. The value is based on the ability to perform the task and duties as per the employment contract requirement only. It does not encourage value-added incentives to be paid out. This is also because the job design is very functional, where the functions are more departmentalized in which each job falls into one functional department. This is merely known as division on labour based on job needs and skill possessions and requirement. For HR manager, the pay is designed toShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of A Good Human Resource Department1748 Words   |  7 Pagesdepartment is essential to any successful businesses in today’s society. Before human resource managers were seen as people who deal with employee disputes and little more, now this is just one small part of their role to organisations. Human resource is a huge department for reasons as being a key planner in helping company’s employee performances. In this essay I will be exploring the different types of personnel management that is used, assessing the roles of human resource practitioners, EvaluatingRead MoreArgument of Hr1723 Words   |  7 PagesArgument of HR 1. Executive Summary This paper explores the deficiencies of the two briefs which are â€Å"Anyone can do HR† and â€Å"HR focuses on costs which must be controlled†. Obviously, these two briefs are one-sided. He can not fully understand the important position in the development of a enterprise. In modern times, HR has been promoted to a high degree of enterprise development strategies and plays more and more important roles in the development of enterprises. In the modern business managementRead MoreThe Differences Between a Human Resource Manager and a Personal Manager1313 Words   |  5 PagesThe difference between human resources manager and personal manger The main difference between human resources management and personnel management is that personnel management is considered to be out dated or more of a traditional approach, whereas human resources management is the Morden approach of most organisations and that is because human resource tend to represent the new style of managing employees in an organisation. When it comes to comparing the two approaches, we find that personnel managementRead MoreThe Changing Role of Hr Management1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Changing Role of HR Management University of Phoenix Human Resources Management The Changing Role of HR Management For years, businesses relied on personnel departments for the management of their employees. The primary concerns of the personnel departments included attendance records, benefits, and salary. Therefore, the personnel departments did not consider the importance of contributions a company’s employees made to the business. These contributions included such things as diversityRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Hr Professionals1528 Words   |  7 PagesResource (HR) roles can be integrated into the new position by the HR function in companies. Human Resource Management (HRM) can be defined as â€Å"a strategic, integrated and coherent approach to the employment, development and well-being of the people working in organizations† (Armstrong, 2014, p.5). HR professionals’ works are regarded as employee training, recruitment, personnel administrative, reward management, service delivery, and organizational performance. It is typically believed that HR practitioner sRead MoreThe Challenges with Human Resource Departments Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesHUMAN RESOURCE CHALLENGES 2 The Challenges with Human Resource Departments In todays workforce, the job of a manager for a human resource department faces many challenges and act as the mediator for the employees, organizations, and other stakeholder needs are to be addressed on issues related to laws, policies, and interpersonal skills, managing personnel issues, and setting an environment to coordinate a multicultural workforce. The human resource department requires an orderly approach toRead MoreThe Importance of Hrm1552 Words   |  7 PagesAs we know, the term ‘human resource management’ underlines a belief that people really make the difference, only people among other resources have the capacity to generate value. However, the human resource management is considered as the ‘Cinderella’ in the organization as its importance has not been discovered by the senior managers, in addition, it has to share responsibilities with line managers, sometimes it takes more work than it is expected. Actions should be taken to help the Cin derellaRead MoreServe As The Civilian Personnel Coordinator And Staff For Human Resources Essay908 Words   |  4 Pagesas the civilian personnel coordinator/liaison to management and staff for human resources (HR) matters concerning West Point Health Service Area (HSA) personnel. Oversees and ensures timely and correct coordination and submission of requests for personnel actions and serves as the liaison between the HSA and the servicing Civilian Personnel Advisory Center (CPAC), Regional Health Command (RHC) and Medical Command (MEDCOM). Provide guidance to management regarding civilian personnel programs to includeRead MoreM S Case Analysis Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesthe assessment of differences between personnel and human resource management in MS and Harrods in the initial section of the assignment. Then the recruitment and selection processes of MS have been analyzed. The assignment has also pointed to the factors of rewarding methods and needs for motivating and rete ntion of employees and also emphasized on the mechanisms for the cessation of employment, considering two given case studies. â€Æ' Task 1 1.1 Differentiate between personnel management and humanRead MoreHiring The Right Managers And Employees877 Words   |  4 PagesHiring the right managers and employees is not only important to a business, it is essential. The company personnel are the heart and soul of a business; without employees a business is no more than just an elaborate idea. Therefore, employees need to be much more than just a paycheck collector. On top of being reliable, having initiative, and possessing a strong work ethic, a successful organization employs people that are a good fit with the company culture and are capable of executing the strategy

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Night World Black Dawn Chapter 2 Free Essays

string(37) " new wave of heat swept over Maggie\." Beside her, Jake growled again, but Maggie only heard it distantly. No one else even lookedtoward them. I can’t believe how well I’m taking this, Maggiethought. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Something’s wrong with me. I’m not hysterical at all. Her mind had gotten hold of the idea quiteclearly, but there was no reaction in her body, no terrible feeling in her stomach. An instant later itswept over her, exactly what she’d been afraid of. A wash of adrenaline that made her skin tinglepainfully and a horrible sensation of falling in her stomach. A numbness that started in her cheeksand spread to her lips and jaw. Oh, please, she thought stupidly. Please let it notbe true. Maybe he’s just hurt.That would be allright. He had an accident and he’s hurt-but notdead. But if he were hurt her mother wouldn’t bestanding there screaming. She would be on her way to the hospital, and nobody could stop her. So thatdidn’t work, and Maggie’s mind, darting and wheel ing like a frightened little animal, had to go back to Please don’t let this be true. Strangely, at that moment, it seemed as if theremight be some way to make it not true. If sheturned around and sneaked back to her bedroombefore anyone saw her; if she got into bed and pulled the blankets over her head and shut hereyes†¦ But she couldn’t leave her mother screaming like this. Just then the screams died down a little. Her father was speaking in a voice that didn’t sound at all like his voice. It was a sort of choked whisper.†But why didn’t you tell us you were going climbing? If you left on Halloween then it’s been sixdays. We didn’t even know our son was missing†¦.† â€Å"I’m sorry.† Sylvia was whispering, too. â€Å"Wedidn’t expect to be gone long. Miles’s roommatesknew we were going, but nobody else. It was justa spur-of-themoment thingwe didn’t have classeson Halloween and the weather was so nice andMiles said, hey, let’s go out to Chimney Rock. And we justwent†¦.† Hey, let’s go.He used to say that kind of thing to me, Maggie thought with a strange, dazed twinge.But not since he met Sylvia. The male sheriff was looking at Maggie’s father.†You weren’t surprised that you hadn’t heard from your son since last Friday?† â€Å"No. He’s gotten so independent since he movedout to go to college. One of his roommates calledthis afternoon to ask if Miles was here-but hedidn’t say that Miles had been gone for almost aweek. I just thought he’d missed a class orsomething†¦.† Maggie’s father’s voice trailed off. The sheriff nodded. â€Å"Apparently his roommatesthought he’d taken a little unauthorized vacation,†he said. â€Å"They got worried enough to call us tonight-but by then a ranger had already pickedup Sylvia.† Sylvia was crying. She was tall but willowy, fragile looking. Delicate. She had shimmering hair sopale it was almost silvery and clear eyes the exactcolor of wood violets. Maggie, who was short andround faced, with fox-colored hair and brown eyes,had always envied her. But not now. Nobody could look at Sylvia nowwithout feeling pity. â€Å"It happened that first evening. We started up,but then the weather started turning bad and weturned around. We were moving pretty fast.† Sylviastopped and pressed a fist against her mouth. â€Å"It’s kind of a risky time of year for climbing,† the female sheriff began gently, but Sylvia shookher head. And she was right, Maggie thought. It wasn’t thatbad. Sure, it rained here most of the fall, but sometimes what the weather people called a high pressure cell settled in and the skies stayed blue for amonth. All hikers knew that. Besides, Miles washt scared of weather. He wasonly eighteen but he’d done lots of hard climbs in Washington’s Olympic and Cascade ranges. He’dkeep climbing all winter, getting alpine experience in snow and storms. Sylvia was going on, her voice getting more jerkybreathless. â€Å"Miles was†¦he’d had the flu aweek before and he wasn’t completely over it. Buthe seemed okay, strong. It happened when we were rappelling down. He was laughing and joking andeverything†¦. I never thought he might be tired enough to makea mistake†¦.† Her voice wavered turned into a ragged sob and the ranger puthis arm around her. Something inside Maggie froze. Amistake?Miles? She was prepared to hear aboutasudden avalanche or a piece of equipment failing. Even Sylviafalling and knocking Miles off. But Miles makinga mistake? Maggie stared at Sylvia, and suddenly somethingin the pitiful figure bothered her. There was something odd about that delicatelyflushed face and those tear-drenched violet eyes. Itwas all too perfect, too tragic, as if Sylvia werean Academy award-winning actress doing a famousscene-and enjoying it. â€Å"I don’t know howit happened,† Sylvia was whispering. â€Å"The anchor was good. We should have hada back-up anchor, but we were in a hurry. And he must have †¦oh, God, there must have beensomething wrong with his harness. Maybe thebuckle wasn’t fastened right, or the carabiners might have been upside down†¦:’ No. Suddenly Maggie’s feelings crystalized. It was asif everything came into focus at once. That’s impossible. That’s wrong. Miles was too good. Smart and strong and anamazing technical climber. Confident but careful. Maggie only hoped she’d be that good someday. No way he’d buckle his harness wrong, or clip his ‘biners upside down. No matter how sick hewas. In fact, no way he’d go without a back-upanchor. I’mthe one who tries to do things like that,and then he yells at me that if I’m not careful I’m going to have an adventure. Miles doesn’t. So it meant Sylvia was lying. The thought came to Maggie on a little wave ofshock. It made her feel as if she were suddenlyspeeding backwards, or as if the room were receding from her very fast. But why?Why would Sylvia make up such a terrible story? It didn’t make any sense. Sylvia had a hand half covering her eyes now.†I looked for him, but †¦there was icefall†¦a crevasse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  No body. She’s saying there’s no body . With that, a new wave of heat swept over Maggie. You read "Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 2" in category "Essay examples"And, strangely, what made her certain of it was Sylvia’s eyes. Those violet eyes had been turned down for mostof the time Sylvia had beentalking, fixed on theSpanish tiles in the entry hall. But now, as Sylviagot to the last revelation, they had shifted toward Maggie. Toward Maggie’s feet. They fixed there,slid away, and then came back and stayed. It made Maggie glance down at her own feet. My socks. She’s staring at my socks. One red and one blueand she’s noticing that. Like an actress who’s said the same lines oftenenough that she doesn’t even need to pay attention to them anymore. All at once, hot anger was burning through Maggie’s shock, filling her so there was no room foranything else. She stared hard at Sylvia,whoseemed to be very far away but very bright. And inthat same instant she knew for certain. This girl is lying. She must have done something-something terrible. And she can’t show us Miles’s body – or maybethere isn’t a body because he’s still alive. Yes! Maggie felt suddenly lifted by hope. It is alla mistake. There’s no reason for Miles to be dead.All we have to do is make Sylvia tell the truth. But nobody else in the room knew. They wereall listening asSylvia went on with her story. Theyall believed. â€Å"I didn’t get out before the weatherhit†¦.I hadto stay in the tent for three days. When I got out Iwas so weak, but I managed to signal to some climbers. They saved me, took care ofme†¦.Bythen it was too late to look for him. I knew there was no chance he’d made it through thatstorm†¦.† She broke down completely. The ranger began talking about weather conditions and recovery efforts, and suddenly Maggie’smother was making strange gasping noises andsinking toward the floor. â€Å"Mom!† Frightened, Maggie started toward her.Her father looked up and seemed to realize for thefirst time that she was there. â€Å"Oh, Maggie. We’ve had some bad news.† He’s trying to take care of me. But he doesn’trealize†¦I’ve got to tell him†¦. â€Å"Dad,† she said urgently.† L isten. There’s something-â€Å" â€Å"Maggie,† her mother interrupted, stretching outa hand. She sounded rational, but there was something wild in her eyes. â€Å"I’m so sorry, baby. Something awful has happened-â€Å" And then she fainted. Suddenly Maggie’s fatherwas staggering under dead weight. And then theranger and one of the sheriffs were brushing pastMaggie. They were holding her mother up, and hermother’s head was lolling, moving around on aboneless neck, and her mother’s mouth and eyeswere part open and part closed. A new kind ofawful feeling came to Maggie, making her weakand giddy. She was afraid she would faint herself. â€Å"Where can we-† the male officer began. â€Å"There’s the couch,† Maggie’s father said hoarselyat the same time. There was no room for Maggie.She could only stand out of the way and dizzilywatch them carryher mother. As they did, Sylvia began murmuring. It tookMaggie a moment to focus on the words. â€Å"I’m sosorry. I’m so sorry. I wish there was something †¦I should go home now.† â€Å"You stay right here,† the female officer said,looking toward Maggie’s mother. â€Å"You’re in no condition to be walking anywhere. You’d be in the hospital now if you hadn’t insisted on coming herefirst.† â€Å"I don’t need a hospital. I’m just so tired..:’The officer turned. â€Å"Why don’t you go sit in thecar?† she said gently. Sylvia nodded. She looked fragile and sad as shewalked down the path toward the squad car. It wasa beautiful exit, Maggie thought. You could practically hear the theme music swelling. But Maggie was the only one with the chance toappreciate it. She was the only one watching asSylvia reached the car †¦ and paused. And then turned away from it and continued ondown the street. And the end credits run, Maggie thought. Then she thought, she’s going to her apartment. Maggie stood frozen, pulled in two directions. She wanted to stay and help her mother. But something inside her was utterly furious and focused and it was screaming at her to follow Sylvia.Instinct had always been Maggie’s strong point.She hung there for a moment, with her heartpounding so hard that it seemed to be coming out-of her mouth. Then she ducked her head andclenched her fists. It was a gesture the girls on her soccer teamwould have recognized. It meant that Steely Neelyhad made up her mind and was going to rush inwhere smarter people feared to tread. Look out,world; it’s stomping time. Maggie whirled and dashed back down the hallinto her bedroom. She slapped the light switch on and lookedaround as if she’d never seen the place before.What did she need-and why did she always keepit so messy? How could she find things? She kicked and pulled at a pile of bath towelsuntil a pair of hightop tennis shoes emerged, thenshe jammed her feet in them. There was no timeto change her pajama top. She snatched a dark blue jacket off the floor and found herself, just fora moment, nose to nose with a photograph stuckinto the frame of her mirror. A picture of Miles, on the summit of MountRainier. He was grinning and giving the thumbs upsign. His hat was off and his auburn hair was shining in the sun like red gold. He looked handsomeand a little wicked. Scrawled in black marker across white snow was†For the bossiest, nosiest, stubbornest, BEST little sister in the world. Love, Miles.† With no idea whyshe was doing it, Maggie pulledthe picture out of the mirror. She shoved it in herjacket pocket and ran back down the hall. Everyone was gathered around the couch, now.Even Jake was nosing his way in. Maggie couldn’t see her mother, but the lack of frantic activity toldher that there wasn’t any crisis going on. Everyoneseemed quiet and restrained. It’ll just take a few minutes. It’s better for me notto tell them anything until I’m sure. I’ll probablybe back before they even realize I’m gone. With that jumble of excuses in her mind, sheslipped out the front door to follow Sylvia. How to cite Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 2, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Sociological Imagination free essay sample

Why is it important for humans to use their sociological imagination? In this essay I will interpret my sense of thoughts about C. Wright Mill’s theory of humans using their sociological imagination and feeling â€Å"trapped†. Modernity has consumed a lot of our lives that we now sense a feeling of being â€Å"trapped† in ourselves. We evolve ourselves solely around our immediate surroundings, forgetting how important it is to remember our histories and past. We are so caught up in modern technology such as cell phones, social media, TV, how well have to dress to impress people that we often forget what is going on around us in the rest of the world. C. Wright Mills had presented the theory that in order for an individual to use their own sociological imagination, they must assimilate their personal lives with the society arround them and build a connection between both to view it from another individual’s perspective. It is this quality, I am going to contend, that †¦ may be called the sociological imagination† (1959, 3). This shows that Mills believes that people strive for the understanding and ability to use the sociological imagination. Even though the concept of sociological imagination is valuable for the average person, Mills states that the average person may not even know that the sociological imagination exists, or that people don’t understand that way of thinking completely. Mills expalins this when he says, â€Å"Seldom aware of the intricate connection between the patterns of their own lives and the course of world history, ordinary men [people] do not usually know what this connection means† (1959, 2). Mills essay describes how sociological imagination is very beneficial to the average person (even though a lot of people don’t use or understand it) when analyzing their own milieu and how their milieu is affected by and connected to the larger society in which they reside. When reading the works by Stephanie Coontz, Simon Davis, and Charles A. Gallagher, it was easy to see that all three have sociological imaginations. This was even more clear when referring back to C. W. Mills’ explanation and examples of sociological imagination. In the work by Coontz, she explains how relations between adults and teens are strained, not because there are more bad kids or bad parents, but because of changes in the social structure (1997, 8). Coontz explains this by saying, â€Å"The most common dilemma facing adolescents, and the one that probably causes the most conflicts with adults, is their ‘rolelessness’ in modern society †¦. oday’s adolescents have very few opportunities to do socially necessary work† (1997, 8). By explaining the personal trouble between parents and teens by examining the public issue of the increasing â€Å"rolelessnes† of teens in society, Coontz has demonstrated her sociological imagination because as C. W. Mills said in his essay, â€Å"the most fruitful distinction with which the sociological imagination works is between ‘the personal troubles of milieu’ and ‘the public issues of social structure’† (1959, 4). Simon Davis’ study of traditional sex stereotypes shows that Davis used sociological imagination during his study. Davis shows this when he states that his study had some limitations, â€Å"It could be argued that people placing personal ads are not representative of the public in general† (1990, 33). This shows that even though the study was focused on personal ads in one newspaper, Davis was aware that it may not fully represent the public in general and therefore the change in sex stereotypes may or may not still be common. This ability to look beyond the area being studied when thinking about representing the public and trying to see if it changed (in this case if the sex stereotypes were still in operation) shows sociological imagination because according to C. W Mills, â€Å"to understand the changes of many personal milieu we are required to look beyond them† (1959, 6). The article by Charles A. Gallagher proves that Gallagher has a sociological imagination because of the way he explains the miscounting of races by showing how many people’s lack of sociological imagination causes them to miscount other races.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Sammuri Argumentative Essay free essay sample

Whether it is through the martial arts, the peaceful arts, or their beliefs, the samurai continue to influence life to this day. The Samurai’s ethics are major in Japanese society as well as business; the idea of Bushido exists in society today as the Japanese business ethics illustrate honor and duty to Japan. To be a Samurai was a huge honor and it took an abundance of training and extensive hours of practice. Samurais had to be completely dedicated to their lifestyle; they repeated their schedule day after day: wake up in the Samurai village, meditation, hours of training, dinner, and sleep. Their routine was very rigorous however; it was compensated when they went into battle. Samurais were an elite group of warriors who were very skilled in battle and killing. Many may say that the Samurais were very violent and provocative group, however, the Samurais were always on the defensive. We will write a custom essay sample on Sammuri Argumentative Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though the entire movie, the Samurais never picked the fight, it was always the Americans- or in any case, it was never the Samurais who were picking the fights. The Samurais’ code of honor, Bushido, was much like a knights’ code of honor, chivalry; the only difference was â€Å"seppuku†. Seppuku was the traditional suicide after a battle was lost. The leader of the losing team was to commit suicide by carving a figure 8 into his abdomen because he shouldn’t live with the shame of losing a battle. If the man could not complete the figure 8, the leader of the opposing side would cut off the loser’s head. This was all part of honor; however, many people saw it as barbaric and couldn’t understand this ritual. The Samurai were trained warriors and their job was to kill predators so any way they are viewed; they were still violent peoples so in a way it was a good thing that the tradition was discontinued. The weapons the Samurais used were swords, bow and arrows, and a spear; no fire arms. In the movie, The Last Samurai, it was said that the â€Å"sword is part of the soul†. The Japanese took this very seriously; training took up most of a warriors’ day. The samurai rose to power out of the constant fight for land in feudal Japan. They became experts at fighting from horseback and on the ground. They trained in armed and unarmed combat. They wore many layers of armor and used only the sword passed down from previous generations. As mentioned previously, the Samurai were trained warriors and their job was to kill predators so in a way it was a good thing that the tradition was discontinued. However, much like the Samurai, soldiers fighting the war today are much more aggressive than the Samurai and they are armed with much more lethal weapons than a sword. Others may view this as hypocritical that the centuries long tradition was put to an end yet we continue to fight and kill to get what we need; we aren’t even fighting to protect our people like the Samurais were, we are fighting for something that we want.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Habits and Traits of Mites and Ticks

Habits and Traits of Mites and Ticks Not much love is lost on the mites and ticks of this world. Most people know little about them, other than the fact that some transmit diseases. The order name, Acari, derives from the Greek word Akari, meaning a small thing. They may be small, but mites and ticks have a big impact on our world. Characteristics Many mites and ticks are ectoparasites of other organisms, while some prey on other arthropods. Still, others feed on plants or decomposed organic matter like leaf litter. There are even gall-making mites. Take just a scoop of forest soil and examine it under a microscope, and you may find several hundred species of mites. Some are vectors of bacteria or other disease-causing organisms, making them a significant public health concern. Members of the order Acari are diverse, abundant, and sometimes economically important, though we know relatively little about them. Most mites and ticks have oval-shaped bodies, with two body regions (prosoma and opisthosoma) that may appear fused together. The Acari are indeed small, many measuring a mere millimeter long, even as adults. Ticks and mites go through four life cycle stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. Like all arachnids, they have 8 legs at maturity, but in the larval stage, most have just 6 legs. These tiny organisms often disperse by hitching rides on other, more mobile animals, a behavior known as phoresy. Habitat and Distribution Mites and ticks live just about everywhere on Earth, in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. They live virtually everywhere that other animals live, including in nests and burrows, and are abundant in soil and leaf litter. Though over 48,000 species of mites and ticks have been described, the actual number of species in the order Acari may be many times that. Well over 5,000 species inhabit the U.S. and Canada alone. Groups and Suborders The order Acari is somewhat unusual, in that it is subdivided first into groups, and then again into suborders. Group Opilioacariformes - These mites look somewhat like small harvestmen in form, with long legs and leathery bodies. They live under debris or rocks and may be predaceous or omnivorous feeders. Group Parasitiformes - These are medium to large mites that lack abdominal segmentation. They breathe by virtue of paired ventrolateral spiracles. Most members of this group are parasitic. Suborders of the Parasitiformes:Suborder HolothryinaSuborder MesostigmataSuborder Ixodida - Ticks Group Acariformes - These small mites also lack abdominal segmentation. When spiracles are present, theyre located near the mouthparts. Suborders of the Acariformes:Suborder ProstigmataSuborder AstigmataSuborder Oribatida Sources Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.NWF Field Guide to Insects and Spiders of North America, by Arthur V. EvansLatin American Insects and Entomology, by Charles Leonard HogueIntroduction to the Acari, University of California Museum of Paleontology. Accessed February 26, 2013.Arachnida: Acari, class handouts from University of Minnesota Entomology Department. Accessed online February 26, 2013.Soil Arthropods, National Resources Conservation Service. Accessed February 26, 2013.

Friday, November 22, 2019

A Study On The Adkar Model Management Essay

A Study On The Adkar Model Management Essay The purpose of this report is to understand the change management and the models which the organisation faces now. The report will also provide the recommendations for the organisation that can makes the organisation become less destructive while carry out the change and provide the tools of change. The structure of the report will consist 3 parts which are literature review, case study, and recommendation. Literature Review: Kurt Lewin know it’s important to form an integrated approach to bring about change at the group or organizational levels and contribute a 3-step change models. Lewin (1947a) stated that change process involved three steps in order to change efficiency and they are stage 1 (unfreezing), stage 2 (moving), and stage 3 (refreezing) (Lewin, 1947). Unfreezing step means make the correct situation for change to happens (London Management Centre, n.d.). Lewin argued that the stability needs to be weakened which means unfrozen (take away the old behaviour can be that lead to a new behaviour successfully adopted). Schein (1996) argued that the key for unfreezing is to recognise the individual or group level change and it were a profound psychological dynamic process’. Moving stage is to create inspiration to learn but does not essentially control or predict the direction (Schein, 1996). Organisation should find out all the forces at work and identify and evaluate in order to get all the available options from trial or error basis (Lewin, 1947a). However, Lewin (1947a) also recognized that, without reinforcement, change will not last forever. The last stage of the model is refreezing. This stage is to recreate a stable atmosphere and elevates comfort levels by reconnecting people back into their familiar place (London Management Centre, n.d.). This is important as changes to individual behaviour will not be sustained unless group norms and routines are also been transformed and set. Therefore, it often requires changes to organization al norms, culture, practices and policies (Cummings and Huse, 1989). 3 steps model gives manager a framework that how to implement a change efficient, which can make the change process carried out fluently. The Kurt Lewin model can help a leader do the following three steps that helps to minimize the disruption of the structure’s operations, make a radical change, and make sure that the changes is sustainable (Morrison, 2010). Many have is argued that Lewin’s planned approach is too simplistic and mechanistic as organizational change happens everyday and open-ended process nowadays (Dawson, 1994 &e Garvin, 1993). Lewin is seen as advocating a top-down, management approach to change and ignore the situations that require bottom-up change (Dawson, 1994). Lewin’s 3 steps change model can be used if there is a short term goals to meet and celebrate (Kotter, 1996). This is because people will start to resist to change if there is no short term wins. Lewin stated that organisations should establishing the goals and objectives. Organisation should reward people that involved with recognition, promotion or money (Kanter, 1993). 3 steps change model is more construct than content driven, describing competence using language such as team working, problem solving, and effective communication (French, 1999).

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The US govrnement recently approved a 700$ billion bail out package to Essay

The US govrnement recently approved a 700$ billion bail out package to help stabalize the U.S DO YOU SUPPORT OR OPPOSE THE PACKAGE TAKE A POSTION AND IN FIVE PAPRAGRAPHS DISCUSS AND JUSTIFY YOUR POSTION - Essay Example eby stock prices kept dropping, on the other hand this was the only way to improve on the liquidity position of banks whereby banks lacked financial capital, if this actions were not undertaken then the cost of borrowing would have increased. The action by the government improved investor confidence whereby days after the approval of the bail out stock prices started to increase, if actions were not undertaken immediately a worse scenario would have resulted affecting even other economies of the world. Therefore immediate actions to stabilize the market were an appropriate decision. However many individuals disapprove the actions undertaken but in the case of a crisis like the one experienced, immediate actions had to be undertaken to avoid adverse effects such as an unstable financial market, high borrowing rates and unstable

Monday, November 18, 2019

Banking; an ethical dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Banking; an ethical dilemma - Essay Example This paper attempts to discuss the ethical dilemma, which can be faced by any bank in its operational activity, both in the external environment and conflicts of interest arising within the organization. The ethical dilemma that arises within working environment of a bank is more severe, as these systematically weaken the vibrant economic system of a country. The concept of ethical dilemmas had become more pressing during the recent financial crisis, as it was strongly believed that unethical conduct of the financial industry in general and banking in particular, had led to global economic meltdown. The purpose of this paper is to discuss ethical considerations of the banking industry and compliance of the banks to these ethics in order to understand the way banking industry faces the challenges of ethical dilemma. The last section of the paper discusses few of the policy recommendations, which can help to resolve issues of ethical dilemma faced by the banks. A vibrant banking industry is extremely important for proper functioning of an economy. This makes the issue of ethical considerations in banking an extremely relevant topic. Banking sector merely acts as an intermediary between the depositor and creditor. A respectable bank is expected to be honest, exhibit integrity in its transactions, social responsibility, accountability and compliance to promises (Solomon, 1992). The ethical dilemma for banks arises because they have to work in grey area of ethics and often under high level of pressure. Sometimes, in order to gain financial benefits, banks often end up making decisions that undermines ethical issues, which is the root cause of the problem. There have been numerous cases where banks have been involved in scandals revolving around acceptance of bribes, advancing loans to unfit customers and lending to connected parties, which may be considered as unethical on part of the bank. In a research conducted by Carse

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Evidence-based Versus Outcome-focused Practice Essay Example for Free

Evidence-based Versus Outcome-focused Practice Essay In many professions like medicine, psychology, education and psychiatry, outcome-focused practice and evidence-based practice are frequently used among other approaches. Due to lack of evidence-based information, the knowledge that many practitioners have been using is the knowledge that has build up from experience and it has not been researched on, to prove the validity of the same. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the information is always wrong, the information may be right but the evidence of the same may be lacking. Psychology has been affected by this as well as other professionals. Consequently, this essay seeks to analyze both outcome-focused and evidence-based practice and explain how counselors can contribute to the development of evidence-based practice. In addition, it shall also explain some shortcomings of outcome-focused practice and client directed practice. Since evidence based practice is the practice that has been recommended by many associations, it would be of much importance to look at it more comprehensively. According to American Psychological Association (2005), evidence-based practice can refer to combination of the best research available with the clinical knowledge in the context of patient characteristics, culture and preferences. The same studies record that the Institute of Medicine defines the same as the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. In psychology, this is very important as it helps to promote effective psychological practice which eventually enhances public health by the application of empirically supported principles of psychological assessment, therapeutic relationship and intervention. To be in a position to understand comprehensively what is meant by evidence-based practice, it would be necessary to understand the different components of the same. There must be best research evidence which refers to a body of evidence on intervention strategies, assessment procedures and clinical problems among others, drawn from various research designs and methodologies attesting the effectiveness of psychological practices. The evidence should also be based on reasonable sizes, systematic reviews, statistical and clinical significance, and a body of supporting evidence. In order for the research to be valid, the same should be based on progression from clinical observation by systematic reviews from of random clinical trials while at the same time recognizing gaps and limitations in the literature which is already inexistence and its applicability to a specific case (American Psychological Association, 2002). Clinical expertise in psychology refers to all the competencies that promote and lead to positive therapeutic outcome which are inclusive but not limited to conducting assessments and coming up with diagnostic judgments, systematic case formulation, monitoring patient progress, among others. It is actually used to integrate best research evidence with clinical data which can refer to information about the patient and which is usually obtained in course of treatment by the counselor or psychologist. In psychology, treatment is most effective when the services address patient’s specific problems, personality, and socio cultural context. The therapeutic outcome largely depends on some of the patient’s characteristics like readiness to change, level of social support, functional status, chronological age, developmental history and religion. Environmental context like health care disparities, stressors like unemployment, personal preferences and values like world views and goals, are all very important and usually have much to do with the outcome of any psychological intervention. Although the main goal of evidence based practice is to maximize the choice of the patient among other alternative and effective interventions, clinical implications of the same are considered to a very great extent. Having discussed what is meant by evidence-based practice and its components, it would be necessary to discuss the role of a counselor in the development of the evidence based practice. The first role of the counselors should be to join efforts with other researchers and professionals so as to make sure that the all the research data available on psychological practice is both clinically relevant and internally valid. Therefore, they should join the rest in conducting psychological research in order to validate the already available information. The research should also address the widely used psychological principles due to the fact that though there is no evidence to support the same, this does not mean that they are all wrong. For a long time there have been barriers and challenges that face the use of research-based evidence. Since counselors are the people who face these challenges daily in the course of their practice, it would of great significance if they helped in identifying these challenges. After identifying the challenges, they should be addressed if any positive outcome should be expected. However, addressing these challenges may be a very complicated process for any counselor especially without the support of others in the same and in other related professions. Therefore, it if counselors can combine and form organizations that can address this issue much can be realized from the same. For instance, if the problem facing the research happens to be lack of funds, an organization can raise the same easily or even be in a better position to influence some funding organizations to provide funding for the same. The American Psychological Association has been in the front line in ensuring that psychologists deliver the best services to the patients. In order to enhance development of evidence-based practice, counselors should strive to see to it that the psychological principles they use while addressing the problems of the patient are supported by sound evidence. This can only be achieved if they are well informed. It is therefore important for all counselors to be updated on various research findings in their area of profession. This can be achieved through attending various workshops and seminars. It would be very vital for all counselors to disregard all other information that does not originate from the credible sources. Counselors are the key people who can make sure that evidence-based practice is in operational because they deal with the patients directly. On the other hand, outcome-focused practice is a different approach from evidence-based practice, although the goal may actually be the same. Outcome focused generally refers to any approach that is more aimed at attaining the outcome of any method used . It is an approach that also focuses on building an alliance with the client and getting of the feedback from the client. This approach is most of the times client directed and that is the reason as to why the key person in this approach is basically the client. The first step in this approach is to listen and identify what the client want. The psychologist then plans the intervention strategies in such a way that the goals of the client can be easily achieved. To achieve this, the practitioner keeps on getting feedback from the client concerning the whole process to determine whether the goals of the client are being addressed. The reason as to why it is mostly client directed is because it aims at attaining the goals set by the client and the method of doing the same is by using strategies which are also designed by the client (Abraham Michie 2004). Client driven and outcome focused practice is more often than not very successful although this does not mean that it is the best form of practice. Research has shown that it enhances the outcome of those cases that face the risk of the poor outcome more so because the client’s contribution is encouraged. Moreover, it reduces the drop out rates since the client is unlikely to drop, out of the strategy that has been devised to favor him. This practice is widely used especially while dealing with mental health patients as well as other emotional disturbances. Failure to use such a practice while dealing with such sensitive issues can easily interfere with the outcome. However, although outcome focused and client directed practice are widely used especially in psychology, the same has got some shortcomings. Some scholars have urgued that in outcome-focused practice, sometimes the outcome becomes the opposite of what is already expected. This is due to the fact that most of the times the practitioner lays a lot of emphasis on the outcome and forgets all about the process. The process is very important since the outcome largely depends on the process that has been used. For instance, while counseling a bereaved person, the process of doing that is very important as it dictates the outcome of the same. Failure to use the right process may not only interfere with the outcome but it can also easily worsen the condition of the patient or the client. Despite the fact that client directed practice reduces the drop out rates in any intervention procedure as highlighted earlier, there are still some shortcomings of the same. In client directed practice, the use of research based-evidence is sometimes compromised. This is because in this practice, the client is allowed to come up with goals and the means of achieving those goals. The truth is that the counselor may not get the opportunity of using the already available knowledge in solving the problem. Since the client is not actually a professional of the same the required outcome may be achieved but without the use of the best practice method. The counselor also strains a lot while trying to devise ways and means that will best address the client’s problem in a manner that will favor the client (Abraham Michie 2004). In psychology the mode of practice is very important because it does not only affect the outcome, but the future of the subject as well. Since psychology is a science, all strategies and the methods of practice should be adequately researched on before they are applied in solving human problems. This is the main reason that makes a lot of organizations and associations to propose the use of evidence-based practice. This allows the use of strategies that have been verified by use of sound research procedures which is not only effective but also minimizes the chances of having a lot of quacks in the profession. However, there is also outcome-focused practice and client directed practice. The study of the same shows that it is largely used in psychology as it is used in other relevant areas. Although it is highly successful for it improves the outcome of very sensitive issues, it is at the same time not the best. This is because at times it disregards the use of the already researched methods and knowledge which is a draw back, for it prevents change and development in the field of psychology. Moreover, patient’s interpretation of a certain situation may change in the course of the intervention which may complicate the whole procedure or interfere with it altogether (Wilson, Taylor, 2005). Although more emphasis has been laid on the evidence-based practice, outcome and client directed practice cannot and should not be done away with altogether. They are all important, but the counselor should be empowered and be in a position to make the right decision while dealing with the client. Moreover, incorporating evidence based practice should not be rushed because change may actually take some time, especially when a whole system is concerned. Nonetheless, evidence-based and outcome-focused practices are all modes of practice in the field of psychology and contribute differently towards the same. References Abraham, C. Michie, S. , (2004). Health Psychology in Practice. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell. American Psychological Association, (2002). Criteria for evaluating treatment guidelines. Retrieved on 4th April 2010 from: http://www. apa. org/practice/guidelines/evaluating. American Psychological Association, (2005). Policy Statement on Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology. Retrieved on 4th April 2010 from: http://www. apa. org/pi/families/resources/ebp-statement. pdf Wilson, S. G. Taylor, J. , (2005). Applying sport psychology: four perspectives. Champaign, Human Kinetics

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Analyzing How Buildings Affect Physical and Mental Health Essay

According to Bokalders and Block (2009) some people spend more than 90 percent of their live indoors. This represents that those who live or work in buildings may be significantly influenced by them. Materials which are utilized in the erection of buildings, also interior design of buildings, providing clean air and intensive light are important issues to be taken into account, because their quality has considerable impact on residents. Rostron (2008) claims that adverse effect of a building can cause a considerable implication for society: many of those who suffered from ‘sick buildings’ have complained that their productivity had reduced by 20 percent. Thus, in order to construct healthy buildings without any unfavorable effect on occupants, complex issues should be taken into consideration. The aim of this paper is to identify how buildings can affect physical and mental health and to find solutions which can create better conditions for living and working in. Firstl y, this paper will unfold the causes of bad welfare of occupants and what harm buildings are able to do to people’s health in general, then implication for society will be mentioned. After that some possible solutions will be suggested and evaluated in terms of effectiveness, cost and availability. Constructing a building is challenging issue which requires many problems to be solved and much decision to be taken. Maintaining the balance between architectural design, engineering design and interior in general is not an easy task. In addition, providing healthy indoor environment to the occupants that enhances their physical and mental well-being should be prioritized. Reinhold, Afshari and Gunnarsen (2005, 29) state there are variety of factors in the indoor envir... ...the loss of sleep, which then outcomes as a poor physical and mental health (Åkerstedt and Nilsson 2003, 6-12) Interior Restorative environment It is believed that nature has a restorative effect on stress. According to Ulrich (1984) patients after surgery quickly become better if their windows viewed the landscape rather than buildings. In addition, it was found that pictures of nature may have effective restoration on patients than images of urban sites (Ulrich et al., 1991). Ulrich (1991) reported that the patients who were designated an image with the view of nature demonstrated less nervousness; also demand for anodyne in comparison with a control group has reduced. Moreover, at Conquest Hospital in East Sussex art sessions for stroke patients have been maintained and it has been noted that visual art assists in relieving the pain both mental and physical.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Buss Plan Essay

Secondary markets c. Tertiary markets d. Prospective customers 8. Proposed locations 9. Action Plans a. Brand awareness action plans b. New location action plans c. Organizational structure action plans d. Remote locations action plans e. Local advertisement action plans f. Pricing issues action plans g. Competition with industry leaders action plans 10. Sales projections a. Pessimistic b. Optimistic c. Realist 11. Exhibits a. Materials Costs b. Sample Rent Comparison c. Vanilla Cupcake Cost Breakdown d. Coconut Cookie Cost Breakdown e. Sample Media List f. Sample Vegan Recipes g. New York Times Article 12. Appendix Executive Summary Executive Summary The proposed company, Bon Bon Appetit, is in the early stages of development. Bon Bon Appetit will be a specialty bakery, focused on providing organic, vegan, and gluten-free baked goods to the community. It is expected that the majority of revenue in the first year will be derived from in-store retail purchases. However, once the bakery has established a good reputation within the community, its primary revenue will most likely be from custom orders for special events. Bon Bon Appetit competes in a sub market of the baked goods, desserts and health food industries. Competition will range from large supermarket bakeries, such as Publix or Sweetbay, to smaller independent bakeries in the community. Bon Bon Appetit will be able to set itself apart by offering superior ingredients, hard-to-find specialty items and exceptional flavor. Since Bon Bon Appetit will be able to differentiate itself from its supermarket competitors, it will not be forced to rely on low cost pricing. This will enable the bakery to maintain a decent profit margin in a growing industry despite the competition. Thorough analysis has shown Bon Bon Appetit to have multiple strengths in terms of utilizing sociocultural desires and trends, meeting needs of under-served specialty consumer markets and taking advantage of Tampa Bay’s growing population. Weaknesses for Bon Bon Appetit arise in overcoming consumer stereotypes about health food not tasting good and in business expenses. Tampa Bay’s most desirable locations have extremely high rental rates, which means that the bakery would be unable to survive unless it achieved great success quickly. Overall, Bon Bon Appetit shows good potential as a local business, given that its weaknesses are addressed in a way that minimizes their negative impact on the bakery’s bottom line. Compromises on the bakery location which allow for lower overhead, but also maintain visibility and foot traffic, could be the difference between success and failure for this business. Situa tion Anal ysis Situation Analysis Gluten-free foods pushed through the recession in 2009 to achieve a global value sales growth of 11 percent, according to Euromonitor International. The same source also found that in 2009, gluten-free food registered global value sales of $2. 3 billion and also accounted for 27 percent of food intolerance sales. Bakery products, which traditionally are the most affected category of food, experienced half of these sales. Gluten-free products were originally intended for people with celaic disease, who experience a dangerous intolerance to gluten. Recent reports from Packaged Facts suggest that many people who have not been formally diagnosed with celiac disease have chosen to avoid gluten because of a self-diagnosed allergy. The findings of the report show that only 8 to 12 percent of gluten-free consumers indicate that they or someone in their household has celiac disease or gluten intolerance. Packaged Facts predicts that the gluten free market will continue to grow in the next five years, approaching $5. 5 billion by 2015. Current pop culture is creating a new perspective on veganism. Oprah Winfrey and her 378-person staff recently took on the challenge of eating vegan for one week, and also committed to â€Å"Meatless Mondays† at the Harpo station. Vegan authors, Kathy Freston, Kim Barnouin and Rory Freedman, have landed at the top of many book lists in the past few months and have also made a number of television appearances touting the benefits of a vegan diet. In addition to the increased popularity of special diets, demand for organic food products has increased rapidly. An article published by CNBC noted that in 2003, organic food sales at the retail level totaled $10. 4 billion, according to Katherine DiMatteo, executive director of the Organic Trade Association. According to the Organic Trade Association’s 2010 Organic Industry Survey, U. S. sales of organic food and beverages have grown from $1 billion in 1990 to $24. 8 billion in 2009. Market/Company Situation Bon Bon Appetit bakery will first and foremost provide delicious baked goods, with an emphasis on healthful indulgence. By providing organic, gluten-free and vegan baked goods, the bakery will expand its market beyond that of a typical bakery. These specialty offerings will encourage brand loyalty in target markets normally excluded and ignored. The increasing popularity of gluten-free, vegan and organic food is the core motivator for creating a bakery like Bon Bon Appetit. Other specialty bakeries exist around the country, but no such bakery has established itself in the Tampa Bay area. Most well-established and successful vegan bakeries are situated in young, urban areas, such as New York City’s BabyCakes, Portland’s Black Sheep bakery or Asheville’s West End bakery. Of Tampa’s population of 4,094,530 people (as of 2009), 49 percent have completed at least some college and 41 percent are under age 34, according to the Tampa Bay Partnership. Females make up 51 percent of Tampa’s population, according to ESRI, Inc. These demographics indicate strong potential for a specialty bakery, since young and educated people tend to be more likely to be interested in health foods and alternative lifestyle options. For example, according to a study conducted by the Vegan Research Panel, 69 percent of American vegans adopt the lifestyle before age 24, and 78 percent of American vegans are female. The 2008 Food Institute Report also concluded that, â€Å"In general †¦ those with more education and income are more likely than average to try to eat healthy. †

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Factors Influencing Leadership Styles Essay

Personality Traits A leadership style may become an extension of a leader’s personality. If an individual is outgoing and assertive, he may prefer to communicate directly with subordinates through face-to-face interaction or confrontation, either on a group or individual basis. If he is more reserved, he might choose to lead by example or rely on written communication. Rather than addressing a group as a whole, the reserved leader is probably more comfortable meeting with subordinates on a one-on-one basis to provide individual direction. Level of Control The level to which a leader wishes to maintain control also influences leadership style. Some leaders want to be involved in all aspects of day-to-day operations and decision-making processes, which requires the need for micromanaging. Others may be more trusting of their subordinates or may not want the heavy burden of making all decisions, so they tend to take a more hands-off approach by delegating responsibility. Leaders who choose to delegate may need to create an additional layer of management. Organizational Structure An organisation’s structure and operating methods may dictate the type of leadership style that managers must adopt. Some organisations place heavy emphasis on encouraging contributions or ideas from their members, requiring an open style of leadership where members have a large say in determining their own roles and functions. Other organisations operate with more of a â€Å"my way or the highway† mentality, where leaders dictate direction and deviation or innovation is frowned upon. Experience A leader’s level of experience, both as a leader and with a particular organisation can have an impact on his style. Someone who is new to a leadership role may be more inclined to lead â€Å"by the book† to avoid potential mistakes, while a more experienced leader will often feel more confident in following his own interpretation of rules and regulations. A leader who has been part of an organisation for many years will likely have a better understanding of the organisation’s nuances than a new member, so she may be more comfortable when making decisions.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Dna1 essays

Dna1 essays Fetal surgery itself is a relatively new procedure with only a few hundred attempts world wide. Because of the risk of inducing preterm labor and delivering so early in the pregnancy, fetal surgery traditionally was reserved for life- threatening circumstances. While spina bifida is not necessarily life- threatening, it is the most common debilitating birth defect, diagnosed in about one of every 1,000 here in the US. Babies born with spina bifida typically experience one or more lifelong and an sometimes devastating physical disabilities like weakness or paralysis in their lower limbs, loss of feeling, urinary and bowel dysfunction, and hydrocephalus (water on the brain). In addition some children also have skeletal deformation, sexual dysfunction, and mental impairment. Each child is an individual with differing degrees of disability. If we have the chance to lessen the extent of injury, why wouldnt we do that, asks Dr. Joseph Bruner, Director of Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy at Vanderbilt. (fetal-surgery.com/; 10/29/00; Copyright 1998-2000 fetal-surgery.com). Fetal surgery for spina bifida is intended to decrease the handicaps associated with spina bifida by protecting the fetuses previously exposed spinal tissue from additional damage by the amniotic fluid and intrauterine movement. Doctors say this procedure can not restore neurological function which has already been lost, but it may prevent additional loss from occurring due to the intrauterine environment. (fetal-surgery.com/; 10/29/00; Copyright 1998-2000 fetal-surgery.com). As an added and unexpected benefit, it was discovered that the procedure apparently affects the way the brain develops in utero, allowing certain malformations of the brain, typically associated with spina bifida to correct themselves. Its extraordinary that the malformation goes away, ...

Monday, November 4, 2019

BHM 443 -Legal Aspects of Health Care (Module 4-SLP) Essay

BHM 443 -Legal Aspects of Health Care (Module 4-SLP) - Essay Example The case was rather simple and the death of the victim could have been prevented. In fact, the cause of his death resulted from Clostridum difficile infection ( complication of antibiotic therapy ). The patient had dental abscess in which the doctor prescribed antibiotic therapy. Due to the aforementioned infection, the patient experienced severe diarrhea for five days that led to dehydration and shock. Unfortunately, the doctor did not even suspect that the cause could have been the antibiotics administered to the patient that led to C. dif infection. Later, the patient was transferred to Eden Medical Center since he was already in shock and undergoing respiratory distress on November 24, 2005. He died the following day and the coroner’s report showed that his death was the result of â€Å"cardiovascular collapse due to clostridium difficile infection.† What is unfortunate here is the fact that the patient’s death was not related to his mental illness nor its symptoms. Moreover, other medications such as Flagyl could have prevented the diarrhea if only the physician checked the charts well and studied the prolonged cause of diarrhea. â€Å"a cause of action for the death of a child who leaves no surviving spouse, issue, or issue of deceased children, caused by the wrongful act or neglect of another, may be asserted by decedents parents.†( CCP Section 377.60(a), Probate Code Section 6402, Nelson v County of Los Angeles (2003) 113 Cal.App.4th 783). The case was a clear manifestation of neglect from the doctor’s side since she did not even consider the idea that Clostridum difficile could have caused the diarrhea considering that the doctor was even a medical internist. The facility was also sued ( vicarious liability ) since the staff did not even inform the doctor that the patient’s condition worsened as he began soiling his

Saturday, November 2, 2019

SCRUM METHODS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SCRUM METHODS - Assignment Example PMO members frequently view themselves as supporters and protectors of the practice. PMO, therefore, can help spread and implement flexible project management skills across the organization. The Scrum PMO scatters project management functions among team, the product owner, and the Scrum Master. 1a.There is a great deal to implementing Scrum that will be unfamiliar and new to many members of the team. The PMO, thus, can be of great assistance in designing a training program, picking outside instructors to offer the training, or providing the training themselves. Training is facilitated by the Program Officer. 1b.In most corporations with a PMO, there is commonly a weekly report or meeting on each project’s status with the head of department. Where a meeting is held, appropriate project personnel must attend it, for instance, the Scrum Master or product owner. In the case of a weekly, regular status report, the Project Management Office can help in organizing the report. The project manager is responsible for this function. The project manager also assists in controlling the rate upon which new projects stream into the development organization. As custodians of the process, PMO members work closely with the Scrum Masters of the organization to guarantee Scrum is executed over and above it can be. Scrum Master refers to a facilitator and coach for a team utilizing Scrum, helping the Scrum team to stay alert on the goals of the project and removing obstacles along the way. The work of a Scrum Master is to deliver utmost value to the consumer. A highly efficient Scrum Master accomplishes this by ascertaining that all concerned have the necessary resources; are protected from interruptions and distractions, and are communicating well. 2a.Scrum Masters work with Product Owners to provide a balance and check between maintaining efficiency and high quality, and getting more done. The

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Rhetorical Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rhetorical Argument - Essay Example Lamar provides suggestions on how a 3-year college degree is efficient in terms of educational and cost. On the other hand, the authors of What’s College for Anyway give similar sentiments. The authors believe that college time should be reduced but they have been keen to point out international students who might be required to take a little longer due to language barrier and acclimatization reasons. James Altucher the author of Skip Diploma, 8 alternatives to college begins with a story on how he used his college fee to buy a car only to return the car and join a college. He regrets this decision and cites reasons such as costs of education and time consumed in college as his reasons for regret. He therefore does not want other students to go through what he went through and provides them with 8 alternatives for college. Ironically, he gives reasons such as travelling around, creating an art, make people laugh, write a book as some of his alternatives. Jacques Steinberg is t he author of Plan B, Skip College. He reviews some of the professors and University presidents regarding this issue. ... The paper reviews their thoughts and offers analytical recommendation and conclusion regarding their debates. Thesis Statement There has been a lot of controversy regarding the time college students should spend in colleges and in the universities. There has also been a major concern regarding the quality of education in American colleges and Universities. Moreover, many critics believe that a four years education career at the university or the college is so expensive. Most of the scholars argue against the traditional 4 years and thinks that this time should be reduced to 3 years. I believe that college and university time should be reduced to three years instead of the traditional and fixed four years. Will this provide America with the fresh, energetic and skilled labor that it is lacking? Skip the Diploma According to the author of Skip the Diploma: 8 alternatives to college, James Altucher, attending college has made him regret his life. He gives 8 alternatives for attaining a diploma in a college. It is quite challenging to realize that most of the scholars are against attending colleges and give options for business as a way of living (James Altucher). The US government has been struggling with a shortage of skilled labor for quite a long time and the country depends on foreign labor in order to meet its demands. For this reason, questions have been raised on whether to shorten colleges and university duration in order to meet this demand. President Obama recently gave a proposal of an extended education a view, which has not been received well and has been criticized by most scholars and policy makers in the US. There have been concerns about the quality of education US has been producing. US is one of the economic giants in the world and

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Risk Management Paper Essay Example for Free

Risk Management Paper Essay I interviewed James Alviar RN, the Coordinator of Risk Management at my current place of employment the Queens Medical Center West Oahu. I asked him if there were any current risk management issues at our facility that we could discuss, but he said all current issues were confidential and he could not divulge any information to me. Instead, James pointed me in the generic direction of hospital falls that is a nationwide risk management issue and also pertains to us at Queens Medical Center. This paper will be discussing risk managements role, what falls are, how falls are addressed, how risk management would remedy the problem, and how the similar situation is discussed at another facility. Queens Health Systems Risk Management (Risk Management) serves the Queens Health Systems (QHS) by developing and applying an integrated program for the preservation of QHSs capital assets and resources. The role of the Risk Management Department is to plan, direct, and coordinate the risk management and insurance function of Queens Medical Center, subject to and consistent with the Queens Health Services Mission Statement, policy and procedures, guidelines and applicable laws. Risk management is a process with four major components: identification, assessment, mitigation, and monitoring. Risk management addresses many issues that include patient safety, potential medical questions or errors, federal regulations, and legislation impacting healthcare. At Queens Medical Center, there are two options to file an event report. The employee may submit an event report anonymously or log onto the hospital intranet and utilize the RLs Risk Management software. The software is an easy step by step program for writing a thorough incident report to be submitted to Risk Management. The purpose of the occurrence report is to: Assist in identifying potential liability issues, facilitating appropriate corrective or remedial measures. To develop only information for investigation,  evaluation, and a final disposition of the reported incident. The information collected will provide management with a means of analyzing risk and quality levels. Fulfill QHSs internal reporting requirements, regulatory requirements, or insurance carriers requirements or legal obligation. Once the Risk Management department gets the report, they determine whether the situation should be investigated. If the situation needs to be examined, other departments are called upon to review the case. The other departments are but not exclusive to Falls Prevention and Protection Committee/Patient Safety, Department Managers and their nurses, Risk Managers, Human Resources, and Patient Advocate. Follow-up reports will be completed within three weeks, unless circumstances require a quicker response. I visited a smaller 57-bed hospital located central on the island to serving the residents of Central Oahu and the North Shore. Their incident reports are submitted on a form requiring the following information: How, when (date and time) and where the incident or offense took place The names of any injured persons and witnesses The nature and location of any injury or damage arising out of the incident or offense If a security report was made, a forwarded copy is required. If an incident report is written up, it would be submitted to the Risk Management where it would be reviewed. An investigation begins with a meeting with the department manager of the unit where the event occurred. If the incident was a fall, the incident is investigated to see if the ultimate cause of the fall was physiological or environmental. If the patient fell for physiological reasons, a plan of care is initiated. If it were an environmental reason like a loose handrail, they would be repaired immediately. Specifically to this paper, we will focus on patient falls. Patient falls are ubiquitous. According to the American College Of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank 2013 Annual Report (2013), the highest mechanism of injury by region are falls with a total of 338,805 reported cases and with the second highest mechanism of injury from motor vehicle injury at a total of 234,164 reported cases. A patients fall is an unintended descend to the floor that may or may not result in any injury to the patient. A fall is when a patient lands on a surface where you would not expect to find the patient. There are many risk factors associated with falls such as:  Physiological reasons (changes in blood pressure, Parkinsons, arthritis, neuropathy, vision problems ) Environmental reasons (wet floor, rugs without non-skid backing, poor lighting) Adverse effects of medications An assisted fall is when a staff member witnesses a patients fall and attempts to minimize the impact of descend. Many patient falls occurring during hospital encounters may cause little or no harm but some can result in serious and even possibly life-threatening consequences for many patients such as hip fractures and head trauma. Even when a fall does not lead to death, it can require prolonged hospitalization. Some could suffer disability, loss of function, and lose their independence or premature death. â€Å"Patient falls in hospitals are a common and often preventable adverse event. Nurses routinely conduct fall risk assessment on all patients, but communication of fall risk status and tailored interventions to prevent falls is variable at best.† (Hurley, Dykes, Carroll, 2009). When reporting a fall, the event report should be submitted as soon as possible after the event is discovered. The employee who is involved or observes the incident should complete the report. Although employees can submit an incident report anonymously, submitting through the Risk Management Website in the QMC intranet using the RLs Risk Management program is preferred. Documentation should be objective, fact-based, and not include personal opinions or subjective information. If a visitor falls or is involved in the incidence, the Security Department should be called to take statements, names, and any necessary evidence, such as photographs. An incidence report should be complete including names of witnesses and any pertinent information. If a visitor is injured, he or she should be encouraged to be treated in the Emergency Department. After submitting the report, Risk Management and the designated managers are notified immediately. The responsible manager will review all submitted reports, investigate the events as indicated, and institute any necessary corrective action. If its indicated, the incident report may be presented to the Performance Improvement Coordinator for analysis. Risk management periodically reports event information to the hospital Patient Safety Committee. These activities are considered quality improvement related and a patient safety work product. The event reports are intended for  administration use. If it were a patient here should not be any reference to the incident report in the patients medical record. The event, effects on the patient, and action taken must be documented in the medical record for patient care purposes. Prevention of falls in inpatient settings requires a multidisciplinary, multifaceted approach. There is not one definitive factor that is the silver bullet in preventing falls. Even though hospitals have devoted quality improvement and research efforts to prevent falls, patient falls consistently compose the largest single category of reported incidents in hospitals. (Rowe, 2013). It is important that hospitals maintain a safe and effective environment to prevent or limit falls and/or fall-related injuries by patients, visitors, and staff. Departments such as Risk Management, Falls Prevention and Patient Safety, and Patient Advocate were created to help maintain a hospital’s safe, healing environment. References American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank 2013 Annual Report. (2013). Retrieved from https://www.facs.org/~/media/files/quality%20programs/trauma/ntdb/ntdb%20annual%20report%202013.ashx Hurley, A., Dykes, P., Carroll, D. (2009). Fall Tip : validation of icons to communicate fall risk status and tailored interventions to prevent patient falls. Studies in health technology and informatics, 146(), 455-459. University of Phoenix Online Library. Rowe, J. (2013, June). Preventing Patient Falls What are the Factors in Hospital Settings that Help Reduce and Prevent Inpatient Falls?, Home Health Care Management Practice, 25(3), 98-103. University of Phoenix Online Library

Sunday, October 27, 2019

The Concept Of Youth So Difficult To Define Sociology Essay

The Concept Of Youth So Difficult To Define Sociology Essay The concept of youth could be seen as difficult to define, as it covers such a diverse area, Pierre Bourdieu (1978)(In Jones 2010) suggested that youth is just a word and that it has been an evolving concept which has developed over the centurys into a social construction. Youth could also be defined by some, especially in western societies as the life stages between childhood and adulthood and becoming independent from dependent (Kehily 2007). Some favour biological markers, in which youth is the period between puberty and parenthood, while others define youth in terms of cultural markers a distinct social status with specific roles, rituals, and relationships (USAID/CMM 2005). Definitions of youth by age vary drastically across different institutions; the UN has defined youth as person from 15 to 24 years of age, whereas the National Youth Policy of Nepal defines youth as persons from 16 to 40 years of age. Therefore in understanding the difficulties in defining youth, it is impor tant to look at the many different ways , as to why age from the earliest of ages, industrialisation, cultures and the biological concept, to identify some of the key issues as to why the concept of youth is so difficult to define as it has such a diverse range of ideas and notions. The term youth is defined by sociologists as a transition between childhood and adulthood (Roche et al 2004) the alternative is the term adolescence which is often: Used within psychology to describe the common biological, psychological, emotional and sexual maturation phases associated with the onset of puberty and the teenage years From this notion it appears that some perceive youth as a sociological category rather than a biological one (Frith 2005, in kehily 2007) in that youth is a social construct rather than a biological and psychological concept as G Hall (1904) (In Kehily 2007p.57) noted that the biological side changes can have an effect on different people at different times in their lifes through hormonal and psychological changes from which they are not in control over and can have effect over their feeling and behaviour. However the sociologist Margret Mead1972 disregarded Halls concept that adolescence was brought on by biological changes which hall suggests occurs during puberty, from her own study concluded that this period in a young persons life was the effect of sexual repression in society and of societys handling of young people (kehily 2007). However as these studys by Hall and Mead were carried out in a specific area of Samoa, this study maybe relevant to this area but it cannot be genera lised to the rest of the world. Social anthropologists on the other hand try and understand the concept of youth from a cultural perspective for instance rather than seeing it from biological view, they study their behaviour, cultural beliefs, family lives, social, political organisations and their relationships with each other (kehily 2007, p.47) although it must be noted that most cultural studies are based upon non-western and traditional societies (keily 2007). Van Gennep 1960 (in kehily 2007 p.62) studies the rites of passage, and states there are three stages: the leaving behind of the familiar, living away from the community and thirdly reintegration, he backs this up with the study of Nelson Mandelas ignition of becoming a man, Gennep 1960 re-enforces this idea with the ritual of circumcism as some countries carry out rituals in order to publicly show the transition from one stage of a life to another (kehily 2007, p.63). although rites of passage can be observed in western countries it can be interpreted i n different ways, for instance, celebrating a birthday, leaving school, going on to university and getting married can be seen as an initiation process into either the passage to youth or the transition into adulthood as Gennep notes rites of passage were similar in structure and function wherever they occurred in the world. Aries (1962) (In kassem et al 2010) suggested that the concept of youth did not exist in the middle ages and that it has been socially constructed over the centuries, as Aries states, in medieval society the idea of childhood did not exist, and that from the age of 7 a child would be classed as an adult, as Heywood (2001 p.11) noted that the transition into adulthood took place when a child no longer needed their mother and could survive without them, which was somewhere between the ages of 5 and 7, he states they were launched into the great community of men, although some would argue with this concept, as kassem et al (2010) suggests that Aries work is only based upon the ideas of childhood and not children themselves. Pollock (1983) (In kassem et al 2010) also criticises Aries and suggests that from studying first hand accounts from diaries and autobiographies that this was not the case and that families in the 1500s did acknowledge childhood as kassem (2010) notes that Pollock q uotes numerous examples of grief at infant death, from mothers and fathers and that Aries work in only based upon secondary sources rather than actual accounts. Although some researches would agree with Aries that the term childhood has only arisen from the 1700s due to it being something which has been constructed (kassem et al 2010,p.3) from the growth of the middle class and the Industrial Revolution (Stone 1977 in kassem et al 2010) as this conctrucuralism could be seen as to arise after the era of industrialisation, for instance from the early age of around 6 years old children were working , which was reported by the Royal Commission on the Employment of children (1843) that children began work at around the age of 6 (Heywood 2001,p.130). By the late eighteenth century it was emerging that children needed a childhood as it was noted by Hendrick (in Heywood 2001 p.142) that it was emerging that the young was in need of a childhood and that we needed to start taking note of this , as Hendrick noted that children were now being seen as innocent, ignorant, dependent, and vulnerable. However some may only define youth, especially by age as they can be seen to have a vested interest for their own personal gain, their motivations may be different as the media for instance may have an interest to inform, whereas connection service see youth at the age of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as they have an interest in improving the lives of youth by ways of empowering them into looking for work or improving their educational needs to enable them to work, wheras the high street stores such as newlook, topshop/topman aim their establishments at youth as for private gain in making money from them. In conclusion as to why youth is so difficult to define, as it is quite diverse and complex and there are numerous reasoning behind the concept of youth from nature v nurture to cultural and sociological explanations it also varies globally as their values and beliefs differ from others therefor as jones notes (2010) when youth is taken to mean age, then it really is just a word. Therefore the concept of youth will always be difficult to define as there is no neutral definition and we all define the concept of youth in many different ways. Word count:References Social and Human Sciences http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/youth/ the concept of youth http://www.allenandunwin.com/publicsociology/files/ch6RETHINK.pdf Heywood, C. (2001) A history of childhood, Cambridge: polity press. Kehily M.J. (2007) Understanding Youth: Perspectives, Identities and Practices. Milton Keynes:Open University Press. Roche, J, et al. (2004) youth in society, 2nd ed, London: sage publications. Kessem, D, et al (2010) Key issues in childhood and youth studies. Oxon: Routledge. Jones, G. (2009) Key concepts: youth. Cambridge: polity press.

Friday, October 25, 2019

The Horrors of War in Wilfred Owens Poem, Dulce et Decorum Est Essay e

The Horrors of War in Wilfred Owen's Poem, Dulce et Decorum Est From the earliest records of history, accounts of war have been portrayed as valiant acts of heroism. Children and adults alike have gathered together to hear tales of war and its glory. From the stories of Alexander the Great to recent-day movies like Saving Private Ryan, war has been praised and exalted with words such as bravery, honor, and freedom. However, Wilfred Owen's poem "Dulce et Decorum Est" shows the ugly, horrible side of fighting. By use of gripping words and vivid descriptions, Owen paints incredible pictures of what World War I was really like. He tears away the glory and drama and reveals the real essence of fighting: fear, torture, and death. No longer are we left with good feelings and pretty phrases like "Liberty and justice for all!" Instead, our hearts grieve over what these soldiers had to suffer through. Every line of the poem rebuts the Roman poet Horace's quotation: "Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori--It is sweet and becoming to die for one's country." T he poem employs three different devices that work together to refute the belief that war is heroic and glorious: the speaker's descriptions, his similes, and his memories. First, the narrator's descriptions are clear and effective, leaving no dispute about what the soldiers had to endure with trenches and mustard gas. The poem does not use vague descriptions such as "It was terrible and horrible." Instead, the fifth and sixth lines read: "Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots / But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame, all blind." Right away, the reader can almost see the weary soldiers heading "towards [their] distant rest." They are so weary that some are sleeping while... ...ys will be a terrible, terrible thing. In conclusion, "Dulce et Decorum Est" is a magnificent tapestry of poetry. By the speaker's descriptions, similes, and memories, Owen weaves reality and memories together to create a masterpiece. Through the speaker, Owen seems to express his grief over those who have died fighting. He sees no glory in men dying horrible deaths from mustard gas, writhing with pain and agony. No, he does not feel that it is sweet or becoming to die for one's country. His opinion is expressed throughout the whole poem. Yet, his poem is not one of beauty. It has no pleasant words or pleasing sounds; it does not bring good feelings or happy smiles. But it is one of truth, the truth about war. Works Cited: Owen, Wilfred. â€Å"Dulce Et Docorum Est.† The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M. H. Abrams. New York: Norton & Company, 2000.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Barabas’ Role in the Jew of Malta Essay

Christopher Marlow was born in 1564, as William Shakespeare. This play was probably written in 1589; however, it was not actually published until 1633, after Marlowe’s death in 1593 when he was just 29 years old. This play was performed for many years and had a great influence on Shakespeare’s The Venice Merchant. †¢1. Summary of the play The play is set on the island of Malta in the Mediterranean Sea. Calymath (the Turkish prince) arrives to exact Malta’s tribute which has been accumulated to a considerable sum. Ferneze (Maltese governor) cannot pay the tribute immediately, but he promises to pay within a month. After the Turks leave, Ferneze decides to collect the needed money from the Jews of Malta: each Jew must give up half of his fortune. Barabas complains strongly, so his full fortune is confiscated. The Jew tries to keep part of his fortune which was hided in his mansion. Having confessed falsely, Abigail was admitted in the nunnery (formerly Barabas’ mansion) and recovered her father’s hidden fortune. Meanwhile, the Spanish Martin Del Bosco convinces Ferneze to break Malta’s agreement with Turkey, promising to write the Spanish king for military help. Del Bosco also sells Ferneze his slaves, and Barabas ends up buying the Turkish slave Ithamore at the marketplace. At the marketplace, Barabas also runs into Mathias and Lodowick. Each young man desires to see Abigail, and Barabas promises his favours to each, but at the same time, Barabas is planning their death helped by Ithamore. Broken by his father’s selfishness and the death of her lover Mathias, Abigail on her own decides to enter the nunnery once again. Barabas, afraid that Abigail will betray him, poisons all the nuns included her own daughter Abigail who is the last to die. Before this, she manages to give friar Barnardino a written confession of her father’s crimes. Barnardino in companion with the friar Jacomo get to face Barabas and insinuate they know about the Jew’s crimes. In response, Barabas says that he would like to repent and become a Christian. Naturally, he will donate his huge fortune to whichever monastery he enters. The two friars, being from different monasteries, fight to win Barabas’ favour, each hoping to benefit from the Jew’s considerable fortune. Barabas once again has set a trap; he will kill both of the friars without arousing suspicion. Ithamore knows plenty of incriminating information. Once he is seduced by the courtesan Bellamira, Ithamore begins to blackmail Barabas with threats to confess if the Jew does not send him gold. In the last scene of the fourth act, Barabas arrives at Bellamira’s house in the disguise of a French musician and poisons his blackmailers. Meanwhile, the Turkish Bashaws have arrived. In response to Ferneze’s refusal to pay, they declare war on Malta. In the final act, Ferneze prepares to defend Malta against the Turks. Ithamore, Bellamira, and her attendant Pilia Borza enter and all play their parts in revealing Barabas’ crimes, but the Jew’s poison takes effect and they all fall dead. Barabas meanwhile has been captured, but he pretends he is dead through the effect of a drug. He finds himself left outside the city walls. The Jew betrays Malta and leads the Turks into the city. He takes position as governor but he decides to return Malta to help Ferneze to massacre the Turkish forces. The Turkish troops also believed the Jew’s trick. But Ferneze turns the tables on Barabas at the last moment, and Barabas dies. Ferneze takes Calymath as a prisoner in order to ensure Malta’s future safety. †¢2. About Barabas Barabas in the Jew of Malta is an extremely revengeful and ambitious character. He challenges the power with a great cunning. The accumulated tributes, Malta has to pay to the Turks, are more than this country can afford, that is why the governor of Malta is determined to ally to the Catholic Spain if this huge European power keep at bay to the Turks. Spain would take advantage of the sales of Turkish slaves in Malta and many other advantages in business. Malta wouldn’t have to pay the tribute to Turkey and could keep the money collected among its Jew population. This selfishness characterizes all the agreements between the Mediterranean governments. The word that designates these actions is â€Å"politics† and the Jew, Barabas, perceives this selfishness is the ruler’s main principle: â€Å"I, policie? That’s their profession, /and not simplicity as their suggest. † Besides, the rulers speak frankly about this, as we can see when Del Bosco is asked â€Å"what wind drives you in thus into Malta Rhode? And one of his Bashaws answered: â€Å"the wind that bloweth all the world besides, /desires of gold. † In this world in which each nation an d each man take care only of their own self-interest, the Jew of Malta appears at the beginning of the play as victim. Ferneze states Malta as the unique priority and states this:† to save the ruine of a multitude: /and better one want for a common good, then many perish for a private man†. But actually, their taxes on the Jews are hugely unfair. Moreover, Farneze, expect to keep the confiscated fortunes, once the alliance with Spain lets Malta to avoid the tributes that owes to the Turks. These unfair circumstances give Barabas the opportunity to create eloquent speeches against intolerance. He reproaches the Christians for using the scriptures to confirm the measures which go against the Jews: â€Å"What? Bring your scripture to confirm your wrongs? / Preach me not out of my possessions. /some Iewes are wicked, as all Christians are: / but say the tribe I descended of were all in general cast away for sinne, / shall I be tried by their transgression? / the man that dealeth righteously shall lieu: /and which of your can charge me otherwise? † The references to the bible in this extract emphasize how piteous he shows himself in this moment. Barabas is right when he calls â€Å"theft† and not â€Å"taxes† to the requisition of his wealth, and we cannot avoid feeling affected by his sad situation. The funny thing is that, as a Marlowe’s dramatic and moral strategy, in the prologue Barabas has been presented as the same Machiavelli and the Devil’s son, and Machiavelli in the prologue states this: †I count religion but a childish toy, /And hold there is no sinne but Ignorance†. At the very beginning, Barabas is shown as a unbelievable wealthy man and extremely shrewd and interested just in his own contentment. He is determined to let the Turks to invade Malta and slaughter everyone, he confesses in a soliloquy, if he would have the opportunity to get away with the situation. † I’le helpe to slay their children and their wiues, /to fire the churches, pull their houses downe. /take my goods too, and seize upon my lands. † He is completely decided to cheat on the others Jews; he also turns his back on his daughter when she abandons her loyalty to him. Later on we realize that his former speech about the sad situation of the Jews is just a theatrical trick created for the situation and refused in his soliloquies, he is a Jew because he was brought up as a Jew, but he is mainly a Maquiavelli and an immoral figure of vice. This vicious identity is clearer and clearer along the play, thus the Jew of Malta is developed more by disclosure of character than by change of personality. Barabas does not change but we progressively discover how he really is. Maybe the persecution ordered by Ferneze wakes in Barabas a desire of revenge, but he has always hated everyone and has always looked for his own benefit and survival using any means. His plan for kidnapping to her daughter and recovering his money hidden in his house, at that moment turned into a nunnery, results comprehensible and in fact Abigail shows herself decided to help him. However, when Barabas ignores Abigail happiness conspiring against her Christian lover Ludowick, just because he is the governor’s son and against Mathias, uses several strategies as the usury, extortion and persuasion which makes him an evil person even before the unfair tax of Farneze. Barabas boasts of his acts as we can read in the following line â€Å"Slew friend and enemy with my stratagems. † He considers Ithamore as one of his friends because: â€Å"why this is something: make account of me/ as of thy fellow; we are villainies both: Both circumcised, we hate Christian both† Here the dichotomy of motivation and unmotivated evil (a Samuel Tylor Coleridge’s expression) is evident in this combination of Judaism and pure evilness. Barabas’ vicious evilness is more and more present in his behaviour. Instead of sad laments, we can hear the satisfied laughter of Barabas who wants to solve skilfully all his plans. Abigail, who finds herself forgotten and rejected by her father; embraces Christian faith as she states â€Å"but I perceive there is no love on earth/ pitty in Iews, nor piety in Turkes. † As a punishment Barabas poisons every nun in the nunnery included her daughter. Barabas also cheats on the friar community taking advantage of their corruptness Barabas is a hypocrisy and disguise master, and he is surrounded by a group of thugs and courtesans that turn against him as the same time that he turns against them. His achievements in conspiracy and politics drives him to rule Malta, making agreements firstly with the Turks and then with Farneze. Brabas’ evilness is more persistent than even his own life as he lets us know: â€Å"Stand close, for here they come: why, is not this/ a kingly kinde of trade of purchase Townes/ by treachery, and sell ‘em by deceit? /Now tell me, worldlings, underneath the sunne, / If greater falsehood ever has bin doneâ€Å". Even in the moment of his death, when he is finally betrayed by Ferneze, he yearns for longing his wealth and domination and contemplating his Empire once more as we also saw in Faustus. †and had I but scap’d this stratagem, /I would have brought confusion on you all, / Damn Christians, dogges, and Turkish Infidels. † It is interesting how Marlowe gets Brabas’ huge ambition wakes in the readers a great admiration. There is no doubt that Barabas received a severe punishment when, at the end, he falls inside a caldron made by himself; he fell in his own trap and died shouting boastings and challenges. Anyway, this is an appropriate punishment for a life full of crimes. However, it is difficult to contemplate his end from an instructive and moral point of view because, Ferneze, his nemesis, is neither seen as virtuous character. Although he wants to look pious, (â€Å"No, Barabas, to staine our hands with blood / is farre from us and our profession†) he believes in his own policy, which has overcome Barabas evilness. He defeats Barabas by betraying him and then attributes his victory to God. This is an act typical of Maquiavelli’s disciple, who assigns the highest value to the State survival and uses religion as a mean for shaping the public opinion. If Farneze is an important figure in this play, is not because of his Christian virtue but because of his Maquiavellic virtue Maybe, Marlowe is inviting us to admire this shrewd governor whose policy ensures Malta’s survival and Barabas’ destruction. Marlowe destroys Barabas just for showing the strength of a really Maquiavellic strategist. Marlowe presents to his Elizabethan audiences a proposal which completely disagrees with any religious doctrine.